Disaster and emergence management program Free Essays

Disaster Management can be defined as the administration and organization of responsibilities and resources for dealing with all human centered aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, action and recovery in order to reduce the effect of disasters. A disaster can be described as an abrupt, calamitous event that severely cut off the functioning of a society or community and results in material,economic and human or environmental losses. We will write a custom essay sample on Disaster and emergence management program or any similar topic only for you Order Now Disaster and emergence management program. This essay focuses on the overall idea of how to manage effectively disasters and emergence cases on a national level so as to minimize losses to people and property. The main objective is to reduce the outcome of the disaster on people,the environment and property. To effectively control events,stop escalation and rehabilitate the affected persons or population in order to speed up recovery. In order for this objective to be archived several measures have to be undertaken and strictly implemented. Being prepared for emergencies is of paramount importance since disaster can strike quickly and without warning. Four major steps need to be followed so as to come up with a comprehensive plan that will tackle disasters and emergencies effectively. First of all is the issue of putting in place appropriate public policies and plans that either adjust the repercussions of disasters or lessen their effects on people, property, and infrastructure. This will include proper installation of a coordination,organization and command structure along with efficient competent and capable personnel. In order to reduce the effects of inescapable disasters measures such as carrying out vulnerability analyses updates, following the laid out building codes and regulations,setting up preventive health care and public education have to be set. All these measures have to be integrated in the national and regional development planning and its proficiency will rely on the accessibility of information on hazards,sudden risks and countermeasures to be taken. These plans are put in place in anticipation of a disaster . The second step is to set up preparedness plan in order to achieve a reasonable level of readiness to counter any emergency situation through programs that reinforce the technical and managerial capacity of organizations, communities and governments. These measures can be described as logistical preparedness to deal with disasters and can be elevated by having response mechanisms and procedures, practice performances, developing long-term and short-term procedures, public education and installing early warning systems. Preparedness can also take the form of ensuring that strategical reserves of water, food, medicines, equipment, and other fundamentals are maintained in cases of national or local calamity. During the preparedness phase, organizations, individuals and governments,build up plans to save lives, reduce disaster damage, and strengthen disaster response operations. Preparedness measures include preparedness procedures; emergency exercises/training; warning tactics; emergency communications machinery; evacuations procedures and training; resource inventories; emergency personnel/contact lists; collective aid agreements; and public education. The third step is the human centered action and it normally involves the humanitarian agencies which are often called upon to deal with instant response and recovery. To be able to act effectively, these agencies must have well versed leaders, competent personnel, sufficient transport and logistical support, pertinent communications, and guidelines for carrying out emergencies. If the needed preparations have not been made, the humanitarian agencies will not be able to handle the imminent needs of the people. There is also the issue of response which aims at providing instantaneous assistance so as to maintain life,encourage the morale of the affected community and enhance health Such contribution may range from providing specific but limited aid, such as helping refugees with transport, impermanent shelter, and food, to establishing temporary settlement in camps and other locations. It also may involve primal repairs to damaged substructure. The main focus of this step is to meet the basic needs of the population until more lasting and sustainable solutions can be established. Ashman, John. (1995. ). The final stage of the disaster management plan is the recovery stage. As the emergency is brought under manageable levels, the affected population is notable of embarking on an increasing number of activities targeted at restoring their lives and the substructure that helps them. There is no particular point at which instant relief changes into recovery and then into long-term bearable development. There will be numerous opportunities during the recovery period to enhance anticipation and increase readiness, thus lessening vulnerability. Ideally, there should be a smooth change over from recovery to on-going development. Recovery activities go on until all systems are back to normalcy or better. Recovery plans, both long and short term, include returning crucial life-support systems to minimal operating standards; semi-permanent housing; public information; adequate health and safety education; rebuilding; counseling programs; and economic effect studies. Information resources and services include data collection and review related to reconstruction, and documentations of lessons acquired. Ashman, John.(1995. )Feinstein, R. (1989/90, 5(1) ). The capacity of human resource involved in a disaster management program especially on a national level can not be quantified. There are numerous stakeholders that are involved and must be integrated for it to be a success such as decision makers,policy makers, professionals ,administrators, (architects, engineers and others at various levels) financial institutions (banks,house financing institutions, insurance,) and NGOs and voluntary organizations. The same applies to financial and material resources which are vast. In the case of finances professional accountants should be involved so that they can clearly evaluate th possible extent of financial damage resulted by different types of disasters including the verification of estimates and valuation of disaster affected assets. They evaluate the different options of coping with disaster from the financial perspective and advise, devise and evaluate different procedures for assuring that resources would be available for disaster mitigation at the right time and place needed. The accountants should also advise on alternative strategies for post-disaster management and rehabilitation with specific regard to assuring financial security to the affected, availability and proper use of financial resources for bringing forth new economic opportunities etc. Institute of Education, Library and Media Services,(June 1996. ) How to cite Disaster and emergence management program, Essays

Christmas ghost story Essay Example For Students

Christmas ghost story Essay Traumatic experiences, except to the child psychologist Dr. Malcolm Crowe. Dr. Crowe tries to uncover the whole truth about Coles Supernatural abilities. With Dr. Crowes Cole begins to understand what he must do to get the ghosts to disappear. He then communicates with the ghosts to help them deal with their unfinished business. Dr. Crowes marriage begins to fall apart because of the excessive over time and work he has been doing with young Cole. His wife wont speak to him and he thinks that she may be having an affair. Finally Dr. Crowes confronts her one night but she acts like hes not even there. She is crying about why Dr. Crowes had to leave her. Then she drops his wedding ring. Dr. Crowes sees the ring that he thought was on his finger, and then comes to the sudden realisation that the guy that shot him in the beginning of the movie actually killed him and he is just another ghost that young Cole can talk to. He realises everybody he has talked to have been ghosts. It has the main character that you would expect of a ghost story. It includes Cole a young child that is the victim of these attack, Malcolm a doctor (who is the ghost), the Childs mother, and the doctors wife, evil ghosts, and other less important characters. The main setting is in the houses of the child and the doctor but also in the childs imagination. A lot of the attacks happen when the young boy is alone/during the night as this makes it more suspicious. The opening is conventional as it has a death before the actual main story begins. During the opening we get a flash back on the story so that we know what has already happened at what is to come. Although nothing becomes clear until the very end. It has a typical plot outline as it is based upon a series of hauntings to main victim. It also has typical weather in some places. Dull, cold and stormy. The ending could also be seen as a typical one as it is closed and the mystery as to why Cole is being haunted is sorted out. This is a very good example of a modern day ghost story as it has the haunted aspect but also the violence of the new age story lines. A Christmas carol can be seen as a ghost story for a few reasons. It is in the first stave that we meet Ebenezer Scrooge, a miserable but wealthy old man. Scrooge works in his counting house with his clerk, Bob Cratchit. It is Christmas Eve, and Scrooge receives a few visitors. One is his nephew, Fred, who invites Scrooge to dinner with him on Christmas. Then come two portly gentlemen who are collecting for charity. We learn here that Scrooge had a partner, Jacob Marley, who died on Christmas Eve seven years ago. Scrooge refuses to give the gentlemen anything, saying he helps the poor already through supporting the workhouses. Scrooge allows Bob to have Christmas Day as a holiday, but insists that he be back at work all the earlier next day. When Scrooge returns to his home he is visited by the Ghost of Jacob Marley who is weighed down by a massive chain, made up of cashboxes, keys and padlocks. Jacob Marley says to Scrooge any man who wishs to not socialise in life will not be with people when he dies. Marley tells Scrooge that he, too, will wear chains unless he changes his ways. He then warns him of three more spirits, which will visit to help him, change his ways. In the next stave we are introduced to the ghost of Scrooges Christmas past. We see him as a boy at school on two occasions. First, he sits alone in a cold schoolroom then later we see him with his older sister, Fan, who has come to bring him home for the holidays. Next we see Scrooge as a young apprentice working for Mr. .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb , .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb .postImageUrl , .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb , .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb:hover , .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb:visited , .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb:active { border:0!important; } .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb:active , .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1676009154055fb47fbba6e8c71a59fb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Grendel, by John Gardner EssayFezziwig, in his warehouse. At seven oclock on Christmas Eve, Mr. Fezziwig tells Scrooge and his other workers there is to be a party. Everyone is welcome at Mr. Fezziwigs ball, and the young Scrooge enjoys it a lot. The Ghost tells Scrooge that Mr. Fezziwig has done nothing special, only spent a little money he can easily afford. Scrooge replies that it is impossible to get words from peoples looks. This makes scrooge slowly change his mind towards Christmas. In stave three we are introduced to the second of the three ghosts, this spirit is the Ghost of Christmas Present. It is a great giant, dressed in a green robe and surrounded by piles of food. This spirit shows Scrooge how his clerks family, by strangers from all over and by his nephew, Fred, celebrates Christmas. The spirit carries a torch and everywhere it goes this torch sprinkles incense or water on people and makes them become kinder to each other. Scrooge has never seen Bob Cratchits house. Here he sees how the Cratchits, despite being very poor, can be happy at Christmas. Bob and Mrs. Cratchit struggle because their family is large: there are six children. (Martha, Belinda, Peter, two unnamed Cratchits, and Tiny Tim.) Scrooge sees how frail Tiny Tim is, and asks the Spirit if he will live. The ghost tells him that unless something changes in the future, the child will die. When Scrooge protests he is reminded of his words earlier If he be like to die he had better do it and decrease the surplus population. Now Scrooge sees, under its robe, two horribly dirty and ugly children. The ghost tells him This boy is Ignorance this girl is Want. Scrooge is told to beware of them both. When he asks if nothing can be done to help them the ghost again quotes his earlier words: Are there no prisons? Are there no work-houses? Scrooges attitude changes he starts to feel down and upset, and regrets what he has said earlier. In this stave Scrooge is again taken to places he does not know. The spirit is more like the kind of ghost we meet in conventional ghost stories. It is a hooded phantom, its face is unseen and it points at things but does not speak. We are puzzled in this stave as there are a few wealthy people hanging round a coffin but the phantom will not speak or say who it is. Later on we learn that the man is scrooge but not many people mourn for him except his nephew and the crotchets. This is when he decides he must defiantly change his ways. In the last stave scrooge changes his ways and really gets into the Christmas spirit. He celebrates it with his family and friends. He gets a young boy to go round to the butchers and get the large turkey, then deliver it to the Cratchetts and he generously pays the young lad. Scrooge helps out the Cratchetts by raising bob and helping to support their family. Tiny Tim does not die scrooge is a changed man. The setting can be seen as typical and A-typical as it is Christmas time, which is joyful and happy however it is cold, dark and damp. The opening is basically an introduction to the main character and what he does. It is not until the middle of the story we really can identify it as a Ghost story as this is when the three ghosts are introduced. The ghosts although typical to a ghost story are also a-typical as the yare not necessarily seen as haunting Scrooge but merely helping him to change. Scrooge as a victim is a typical character, his nephew and the Cratchetts are a-typical as they are just generally extra characters that are not involved with the ghosts or the effects until scrooge changes. .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640 , .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640 .postImageUrl , .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640 , .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640:hover , .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640:visited , .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640:active { border:0!important; } .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640:active , .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640 .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u57b378d9fda97cbd396cecb79c7d2640:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pip's Education in Great Expectations Essaythe ending in mainly typical as Scrooge changes and the ghosts leave him alone. It is an appropriate tale for Christmas as it is describing the time around Christmas. Snowy, dark but with cheerful and happy people getting into the festive mood, being with family and friends. It expresss emotions and feelings of what Christmas is really about and how we should think of our loved ones and those who are alone/less fortunate then ourselves. It describes typical features of Christmas like going to familys parties and giving gifts. However this story could be seen as a moral fable. A moral fable is a story in which a lesson is learnt. In a Christmas carol a lesson is to be taught to scrooge by the ghosts. At the beginning scrooge is a selfish, inconsiderate man who only cares for him self. The ghosts come and help him to see what his life has been and how he much changes. They try to show him not to be unfair and selfish at Christmas but to be caring and giving and to help those in need. A moral that people could gain from this story could be look out for others as well as yourself this Christmas have a heart. Meaning have a permanent positive affect on other, help them out and let them share your love this Christmas. I believe that looking from everything we have studied that A Christmas carol can be seen as a ghost story but only in some ways. For instance the ghosts only appear once each through out the whole story then never come back, most ghosts continue to haunt/bully their victim until there whole duty is for filled. Although in this story the ghosts job was to try to help Scrooge to change his ways and this they succeeded in. Also the first ghost was described as a phantom, which is a stereotypical ghost, so this would also back up the ghost story fact. However I believe that is more then jus at ghost story. I believe it is a piece of writing that this been done to prove a point that Christmas is a time for giving, to love and look after those in need. It has a moral fable aspect in it. It describes a very Christmas like atmosphere and you could just picture it. Overall I believe that it is more of a tale for Christmas than a ghost story.

Critical Evaluation Of Dementia & Other Geriatric Health Conditions

Question: Discuss about the Critical Evaluation Of The Techniques Used In Dealing With Dementia And Other Geriatric Health Conditions. Answer: Introduction Dementia depicts an association of symptoms affecting the thinking, memory and social capacities severely enough to obstruct with the daily functioning of an individual (Staff, 2016). This implies that dementia is mainly a mental problem which immensely leads to memory loss in an individual. According to (Staff, 2016), the most common cause of progressive dementia in older adults is the Alzheimer`s disease. They add that however, there exist other causes of dementia. On the other hand, examples of geriatric problems include heart and kidney diseases, depression, diabetes and anxiety among others. The techniques I will evaluate include Reality-orientation approach, Reminiscence techniques, Assistive technologies, Validation approach and the Holistic approach. Reality- orientation approach Reality orientation approach is aimed at redressing cognitive deficiencies commonly in a classroom setting, and it involves giving accurate information meant to orient the individual to his or her surroundings (Roy, 2008). Similarly, (Jeniffer Lesley, 2011) argue that reality orientation is a treatment approach that is designed to stimulate people to relearn the elementary facts about themselves and their surrounding by systematically giving and reinforcing pertinent information. The two arguments agree that reality orientation (RO) is fundamentally about giving relevant information to the patient about himself or herself and their surroundings. The method may be useful in winning the trust and cooperation of the older confused individuals (Barbara Faith, 2005). This means that the approach is efficacious in gaining the acceptance of the patients for treatment. However, there have been case reports of frustration, anger, and depression triggered by reality orientation (Roy, 2008). This may be caused by self-denial by the patients. Additionally, this method is suitable for people who can learn and not for dementia patients who have lost this cognitive skill (Jeniffer Lesley, 2011). As such, people who have almost or completely lost their cognitive abilities cannot successfully undergo the reality orientation technique. Reminiscence techniques Reminiscence was at one time thought to be a show of mental deterioration (Jeniffer Lesley, 2011). However, they add that these days it is seen as a positive experience that should be promoted. This implies that it is useful to disoriented people especially dementia and other geriatric health condition persons. It is used by occupational therapists to help clients resolve conflicts or upkeep self-esteem besides being a recreational activity (Jeniffer Lesley, 2011). This aids in giving meaning and relevance to the patients life. Reminiscence can be triggered using a wide range of media like reminiscence videos, photographs and audio tapes (Jeniffer Lesley, 2011). Assistive technology It normally ranges from very basic tools like memory aids to technologically sophisticated solutions (Jeniffer Lesley, 2011). This means that the choice of the technology is based on the severity of the health condition. Unobtrusive wireless sensors may be fitted around the home to raise the alarm in case there is a possible problem within the home of a dementia patient (Jeniffer Lesley, 2011). They add that these sensors detect smoke, flood, gas or fire and sent a sound alert to a carer or a 24-hour monitoring service. As such, this assists such people to live safely. However, according to them, the presence of this equipment may be distressing to the patient either because they do not know how to use them or reminds them of their condition. Consequently, such patients need prudent and diligent care all the time. Validation approach It depicts the acceptance and validation of the demented old person`s feelings; to appreciate their losses, reminiscences and the human needs which underlie their conduct devoid of attempting to force new insights (Gemma Bere, 2014). This implies that it is paramount for the carers to recognize such aspects of their lives to aid in restoring their wellbeing and dignity feelings in the patients. Holistic approach This approach is ideal provided the sophistication of issues related to cognitive decline and due to its multidisciplinary approach to care suitable to meet patient and carer requirements throughout the disease progression continuum (Peter, 2010). This means that it can wholly accommodate or address all the problems faced by such patients. It includes multidisciplinary team comprising of geriatric psychiatrists, social workers, neurologists, nurses and others (Peter, 2010). As such, a holistic approach grants due attention to the psychological, biological, spiritual and social aspects of care (Julian, Mari, Greg, 2009). However, it is more applicable to professionals who care for people with dementia who live in long term care facilities like assisted living facilities, retirement communities and nursing homes (Peter, Canstantine, Cynthia, 2006). This is because such people spend much or all of their times in those care facilities hence higher transformational impacts in their lives. Memory loss care plan for Lifeway Residential Care Rest Home Residents A care plan is meant to promote a continued good health for aging persons and consequently aid in improving their general quality of life. The care plan components include: Comprehensive needs assessment- meant to ascertain individual health conditions, service needs, and resources. This is essential in that it enables the management to establish the unique health status of the mental patient and consequently instill the appropriate treatment measures for the patient. This is because the degree of memory loss varies from one patient to another. Similarly, the service needs for such patients will differ based on their level of memory loss. As such, the management will be able to engineer the most suitable treatment and service delivery measures to aid the patients to live quality lives despite their mental conditions. Additionally, some resources required to meet the individual mental care needs of the patients will be established based on their individual health needs and the services required to care for them. Evidently, there will be patients who need fewer resources and others who require the injection of immense resources. Determination of existing problems- This is about the challenges the individual is facing resulting from their mental condition. Such problems may include grooming challenges, inability to organize oneself and the tendency to forget one's name or other people`s names among others. The inability to do such elementary things will be catered for in this component. This will facilitate prudent decision making regarding how to assist such patients to mitigate or overcome the above-mentioned challenges. Identification of expected problems- The management is expected to determine the anticipated problems the mental patient is likely to face. Some of such challenges may include the possibilities of complete memory loss, co-ordination and self-organization challenges just to mention a few. This will enable the management to design suitable counter measures to avert such problems. Such averting steps include ensuring close monitoring of the patients` recovery progress and thorough treatment mechanisms. Care/ Nursing planning- to specify the kinds and levels of care required to fulfil the identified needs of the patient. Here, the nursing needs of the mental patients are determined based on the severity of memory loss. As such, there are those patients who will require extremely close, diligent and rigorous nursing to aid in improving their condition while others will require average nursing. Service management- provide both the formal and informal services. The formal service delivery will be provided by the various professionals in the facility, for instance, psychiatrists, neurologists and social workers among others. On the other hand, informal services will be offered particularly by their family members who visit them in the facility. This may include talking to them, spending quality time with them and showing them love and affection among others. Monitoring- ensure services are provided as planned and adjusted if necessary. This is very crucial in the recovery journey of such patients. The management will need to have an elaborate monitoring schedule which may be on a daily, weekly or monthly basis depending on its appropriateness. Reassessment- to adjust the care plan to meet fluctuating needs. Adjustments will be executed on a regular basis based on the emerging needs of the mental patients. For instance, the plan may be adjusted weekly, monthly or annually. Justification summary for the components The above components are tailored to meet the changing needs of memory loss patients in the care facility. For instance, a comprehensive needs assessment will identify the mental needs of the patients. Care planning will specify the degree of care to be provided to the mental patients, monitoring will ensure satisfactory service provision and care while reassessment is meant to accommodate the changing needs of the mental patients. Existing and anticipated problems of the patients are vividly considered too since they have extremely changing mental needs. References Barbara, H., Faith, G. (ed.) (2005). `Working with Older Adults: Group Process and Technique`. Jones Bartlett Learning. Gemma, M., Bere, M. (2014). Care- Giving in Dementia: Volume 1: Research and Applications. Routledge. Jeniffer, C., Lesley, L. (2011). Occupational Therapy and Mental Health. Elsevier Health Sciences. Julian, H., Mari, L., Greg, S. (ed.) (2009). Supportive Care for the Person with Dementia. OUP Oxford. Peter, A. (2010). Handbook of Assessment in Clinical Gerontology. Academic Press. Peter, V., Canstantine, G., Cynthia, D. (2006). Practical Dementia Care. Oxford University Press. Roy, J. (2008). Drug Treatment in Dementia. John Wiley Sons. Staff, M. C. (2016, April 5). Retrieved from Dementia-Overview-Mayo Clinic: www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dementia/home/ovc-20198502

Safety

Regulations and Standards Today, in the United States, numerous regulations and standards have been developed and implemented by relevant bodies such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) to guide and streamline emergency services.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Safety-Related Standards of Emergency Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most notable difference between regulations and standards is that while regulations carry the weight of law and are compulsory in their requirements and scope based on federal, state or local legislation, standards are merely consensus documents that are developed when a group of professionals with unique skills and expertise come together and agree on how a specific activity should be carried out, hence do not mandate compliance (Angle 21). Consequently, therefore, it is correct to state t hat the requirements found in Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), which is the OSHA regulations, are mandatory in law while many of the NFPA standards (e.g., NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program) are not mandatory in law but include mandatory provisions of the requirements as set out by the group of professionals (Angle 21). Further explanation is needed to distinguish the two terms. While it is obvious that regulations (e.g., OSHA 1910.120, Hazardous Waste Operations; OSHA 1910.134, Personal Protective Equipment and Respiratory Protection) are developed and prescribed at the government level, and in some cases, through state and local legislation (Harper 13), standards can also be adopted by various government agencies with the view to enforcing them to impact various safety and health programs (Angle 22). For example, NFPA 101 (Life Safety Code) and NFPA 1500 (Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program ) have been adopted and enforced by various government agencies across the United States through the NFPA itself has no enforcement authority or power as its standards are only considered advisory. It should be noted that when a state or local jurisdiction adopts an NFPA standard (e.g., NFPA 1521, Standard for Fire Department Safety Officer; NFPA 1561, Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System under the NFPA 1500 series), the adopting agency would have the legal rights to enforce the standard (Angle 21). This implies that even though standards are developed by a consensus of professionals, hence are not mandatory and do not carry the weight of law (Harper 13), they can still be adopted into law by local or state legislation (Angle 22)Advertising Looking for research paper on health law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Concept of Standard of Care Extant literature demonstrates that the concept of standard of care is well known in emergency services domain, and concerns following laid out procedures and expectations when it comes to performance. The general paradigm guiding the concept of standard of care is that to avoid liability, professional emergency responders â€Å"must perform in the same way as another reasonable person with the same training and equipment would perform† (Angle 22). This implies that a practitioner may be liable for prosecution for not following reasonable industry standards as described in the NFPA document. It is important to note that standards of care are not static; rather, they are dynamic and shift with time and technological advancements. Hence employers and emergency responders should be on the lookout for new standards of care to avoid liability. Even though standards do not carry the weight of law and may not be mandatory in their requirements based on federal, state or local legislation, practitioners who intentionally disregard a clear duty or a definite rule of conduct grounded on a standard of care may find themselves liable for prosecution not only because of the fact that they are expected to perform at a certain level but also due to the consideration of failure to use any care and an indifference to the consequences of their actions. For example, NFPA 1500 (Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program) obliges all emergency responders to be dangerous and hazardous environmental situations to have in their possession a personal alert safety system (PASS). As such, the management of emergency services in a fire department may find itself liable in law for the death of an emergency firefighter who entered a burning building without a PASS even in the absence of state or local legislation sanctioning the NFPA 1500 as mandatory. The available literature is conclusive on the fact that standards (including recommended practices and codes) tend to become a standard of care when experts in a particul ar core area bound by â€Å"related interests and expertise come together and agree on some minimum level of performance† (Angle 22). For example, NFPA 1521 (Standard for Fire Department Safety Officer) requires that the incident safety officer responding to an emergency fire situation be a highly trained and qualified professional of the command staff, and that he or she should work directly with the incident commander to contain the situation (Angle 26). Conceivably, therefore, the incident commander or the health and safety officer may be liable for prosecution if he or she utilizes the services of unqualified emergency responders to contain the fire situation. In the same vein, a manufacturer of a beauty product may be held liable under the standards set by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) requiring producers of such products to assure the safety and health of consumers, along with the protection of the environment.Advertising We will write a custom r esearch paper sample on Safety-Related Standards of Emergency Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Angle, James. Occupational Safety and Health in the Emergency Services, Stamford, Connecticut: Thomson Learning, 2005. Print. Harper, Earnest. â€Å"A Perspective on Regulations and Standards for Safety Professionals.† Professional Safety. 53.8 (2008): 13-14. Academic Search Premier. Web. This research paper on Safety-Related Standards of Emergency Services was written and submitted by user Lauryn Glover to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Matrix short analysis Essay Example For Students

The Matrix short analysis Essay My favourite film is The Matrix because it is a great all round film the special effects are absolutely brilliant but so is the plot, normally we either have the pleasure of great special effects or a plot, not both of them together, but this film has definitely pulled it off. The matrix is quite a complex film to understand, especially for people who have trouble understanding most films, but I found that if I thought about it, I got it alright. The film will put you into so many different situations quite suddenly which really makes you feel as though you are truly part of the film. We will write a custom essay on The Matrix short analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Ill start off by explaining what the films about, the matrix is a computer generated world, the world that we live in created by electronic monsters. Humans are merely batteries for them, but the world we live in is created to make us happy. Humans are grown in some sort of cells until ripe for power! The actual story to the matrix is that humans have created a world of technology that they cant control and the technology has taken over, wiping away the world, hence the computer generated one. Then we are introduced to neo (keanu reeves), a computer hacker in his spare time who soon realises that the fbi are interested in him. He is then taken by morpheus (Lawrence Fishbourne)n and is introduced to the Matrix and the technology surrounding it. Morpheus trains Neo with a variety of different training programmes to make him able to cope with the new found world. Neo soon finds out that Morpheus thinks that he is the one who can save the world and battle against the technology that has been created. Neo doesnt believe any of this, but begins to towards the end of the film. Im not going to try and explain any more of this film but I love a film with a good story line and the right amount of action which this film pulls off. The special effects used in this film are absolutely mind blowing. In one scene, and probably the most famous scene, Neo dodges bullets and you see it all in slow motion as the bullets fly past him, also the helicopter scene was absolutely amazing. It all looks real, thats the thing that got to me. Normally in a film, you can tell that its special effects and you dont think too much of it, apart from the usual oh they were good special effects. However, in The Matrix, the special effects are so good, you cant actually see any signs of special effects and if you didnt know they were special effects then you wouldnt know they were. There is also a good soundtrack to the film which adds to the films brilliance. I generally enjoy action films but this is a whole new genre of filming and special effects and a mind bending plot that really does make you wonder. Is the world as we know it controlled by machines, are we kept happy for something we dont know about, what is this world all about and also, is that spoon your holding really there or is it a figment of your imagination?

How to Be Prepared for Freshman Year of College

How to Be Prepared for Freshman Year of College Did you know, that approximately one third of students who enrol in college drop out during or immediately after their freshman year. This can largely be attributed to the fact that starting college is such a huge transition for students. It can often be the first real taste of independence a young person has and that comes with responsibilities they might find overwhelming. College life is very different to high school, but if you start out having made appropriate preparations for Freshman year then you are more likely to survive! What to Bring with You to College One of the big questions that most new college students have is what they should bring to college with them and how to pack all that. For many Freshmen this will be their first time living away from their parents, so it can be a pretty overwhelming prospect! A great way to prepare is to make a list of things that you think you will need at college. Start with the basics. You will need things like: bedding for your dorm room crockery and silverware to eat of and of course things like cleaning supplies, towels and other basic items. However, you are also going to need a selection of personal items too. These will include: clothing toiletries books music and other personal belongings. A tip for students who move to another city: If you are moving out of state for college then you are also going to need to take appropriate clothing items. If you know there will be cold winters, then pack a warm coat and boots. Similarly, if there is likely to be a hotter climate than at home you will need lighter clothing. Take a Piece of Your Home With You Everything that we have mentioned so far has been fairly practical in nature. However, one of the most important things that a freshman student needs to pack when heading off to college is going to be a special item that reminds them of home! This could be an ornament with sentimental value, a favorite family photograph or maybe even just something that represents your home town. It is perfectly natural to feel a little bit home sick when you head off to college. However, having a small token to remind you of the people you love will bring you some comfort. How to Prepare for Studying in College So, you are all packed up and you have everything you need for college life, but are you prepared for the actual academic aspect? Many freshmen are astounded by just how different college is to high school and it is a good idea to do some research so that you fully understand what you are getting yourself into. How many classes should you even be taking in Freshman year? The first thing to so is choose which classes you are going to take. However, that might be easier said than done. The answer is highly personal. However, as a general rule most colleges recommend 12 to 15 credits for Freshman year. Classes tend to be worth 3 credits, which means you should be looking to take 4 or 5 classes during that first year of college. How to choose your classes? Once you know how many classes to take, the next step if knowing how to choose your classes. If you already know what you are going to major in, then it makes sense to start with some of the classes you require for that. It is also wise to opt for the introductory classes and prerequisites in your first year if for no other reason than to get them out of the way quickly. If you are not too sure what you want to major in then why not spend some time looking at course catalogs to try and shortlist the topics that catch your interest. It’s not even just choosing the classes that can be a little bit daunting. Making the transition from school to college can be completely different to what you were expecting. We advise trying to do as much preparation as possible before you get there. Here are a few basic steps you can take to be better prepared for your college studies: Research what the teachers and professors are like. Look for forums and social media groups where you can meet other students. Study the requirements and learning outcomes for your chosen classes. Start working on your time management and prioritizing skills. Set yourself some goals you hope to achieve during freshman year. Housekeeping for College Freshmen It is also important to get to know your new home. That’s why researching some general housekeeping tasks is also important to prepare you for freshman year at college. Some of the things you might want to find out about include: Finding out where to do laundry. Is there a place in the dorm or do you need to go off campus? Mapping out the local stores you will need to visit including grocery stores, coffee shops, book shops and restaurants. Look for places with a student discount or special deals to help stretch your money a little further. Checking out some of the on-Campus facilities like the library, canteen and other amenities you might want to make use of. Is there a pool or a student gym? Find out some of the college rules and regulations, especially linked to the dorms. Are you allowed visitors? Is there a sign in system? Are there restrictions over common areas? Most colleges will have a student handbook that covers these types of questions. Some of the listed items we have added to our college freshman survival kit before. Havent you seen it yet? Building Your Social Life A big part of college life is of course socializing. Everyone has heard of the legendary dorm parties! Of course, your college social life doesn’t just revolve around partying! One of the big things about college is the sheer diversity of the people you will meet on campus. It can be scary to go off to college and leave your high school friends behind, but college is really the best place to make new friends! Start building your social life by joining some of the many clubs and organizations that are on campus. Whether you are into sports or science you are sure to find a suitable group to join. There are also lots of social events on campus, so you will have plenty of opportunity to meet new people. If you are struggling to make friends during freshman year, you can also think about joining study groups to get to know your classmates a little better – plus as an added bonus it is sure to help your grades too! In conclusion, if you are getting ready to start college it is a good idea to make sure you are as prepared as possible for freshman year. Heading off to college is a big transition and it is easy to get overwhelmed. You will be amazed at just how much a little preparation can help make things easier! Hopefully, these tips and other freshmen tips (infographic) you can find on our website will help you to get things ready before college begins.

privacy on the internet essays

privacy on the internet essays Internet privacy policy is a very important issue and I am glad our Government is ready to take on the challenging job of regulating Internet commerce. E-commerce has take on a whole new empire of selling personal information collected by business. These businesses, such as CVS, DoubbleClik.com, and Amazon.com, are not only "stealing" your personal information but they are also selling it to anyone who will pay the hefty sum. Up until this point, Internet firms have been able to self-regulate themselves. This has to be changed. The FTC must place strict regulations on privacy policies. Commissioner, I strongly believe that if the FTC does not take immediate action all electronic information is in jeopardy of being "stolen." First and for most I advocate for all Internet web sites to post a clearly defined privacy policy. This privacy policy would explicitly define what information is being recorded, viewed, or sold. Furthermore, it should state what, if any, information is recorded in the cookie placed on my computer. The user should agree upon this statement before viewing the site. This will help to make consumers aware of the Internet site's privacy policy; it will also limit the liability that the Internet site has over what it is doing with the information. Another feature that would help curb the "stealing" of information is to ask the consumer for the specific information. This would give the customer the option to give certain information to a specific web-site and it would put Internet based companies on the same page with traditional businesses. A customer should have the right to choose to be on the mailing list. E-mail address sales should be deemed illegal except under certain circumstances. The exception would be that if a web site such as Amazon.com asks in the form of a yes or no, reply question if their customer would like to be placed on their advertisers e-mailing list. Privacy policies must also dictate what ...