Wednesday, October 30, 2019

The History of Caste in India Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The History of Caste in India - Term Paper Example It is therefore at all times difficult to interpret the past without letting the concerns of the present interfere. What can be ascertained with reasonable confidence is that by the 2nd century BCE the current caste system was in place, with the exception of the ‘Untouchables’ which did not appear until 600 years ago.1 Both systems were hierarchical and existed across the vast Indian Territory in varying and often quite different forms. In economic terms, being a member of the higher classes opened the door to relative wealth and prestige, whereas membership of the two lower castes meant generally living in poverty. In addition, in social terms ‘pollution’ was a serious problem between the castes, particularly for the lowest class, leading to severe and often humiliating exploitation.These conditions were portrayed as a largely homogenous Indian phenomenon by British Colonial Administrators and Orientalists, during the 18th and 19th centuries. The latter in particular took an intense interest in India and their works have until the middle of the 20th century represented the sum total of scholarly opinion. Although their interpretations are now often regarded as superficial and naive, a large component of the historical research then undertaken is still recorded as relatively sound and has found its ways into later works. It was only in the 20th century that views of simplicity and homogeneity were challenged, principally through events on the ground in India. Whereas Ghandi is often seen as something of a watershed in these stirrings, there were in fact others who attempted to challenge the established order. One of these is Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, of particular importance here because he himself came from the lowest caste. He believed in his later years that Hinduism was corrupted beyond redemption and converted to Buddhism, whereas Ghandi maintained steadfastly throughout his life that division between the castes could be mended by r eturning to a purer form of Hinduism. It has now been recognized, however, that the problem is far more complex and that post-independence anti-poverty programs, whilst bringing a measure of relief to the lowest caste, are now the source of escalating violence, particularly in those states that have the highest poverty rates. There have been many reports of ‘Harijan atrocities’2, often involving degrading acts perpetrated by higher caste members and sometimes even leading to multiple deaths of members of the scheduled caste. Whilst these higher caste anxieties do not always translate into violence, they generally take the form of discrimination in social, educational and employment settings. And although some of this is waning, from convenience rather than conviction, rural areas are far more orthodox and discrimination here is much more marked. As with any hierarchical system, those at the top will fight for their privileges and are unlikely to let go of their higher s tatus. Thus it seems that the Indian caste system is here to stay and the best the lower castes can hope for is that in time they can share in India’s growing wealth and that the ‘polluting’ element of their condition will fade into oblivion. How fast these changes will occur will largely depend on how

Media Artifact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Artifact - Essay Example Her three years of learning was a revelation to her that high school is hell, after which in the following seasons, she managers to navigate through collage and then in the latter seasons, the narrators portrays her in a manner that she had to face the expected grown up responsibilities. Having illustrated that, it is perfect to understand that this artifact, however long it was, many could followed it up to the last season, hence portraying a sense of interest and expectations (Whedon et al, 2007, p.11).Evidently, the TV series literally narrated the idea of a chosen one. At the age of fifteen, Buffy regardless of her sex was chosen to hunt demons and vampires as well as forces of darkness. She manages to fight the challenges of high school, with the company of Xander and Willow and up to the end of the journey where she manages to save the world. She was expected to stand against all her opponents and fight for her victory and the victory of others. Being a slayer, she understands this tale by heart, and so, despite the fact that she tries so hard to be simply a normal girl, the truth according to the episode is that she cannot escape from her destiny. This media artifact contributes positively to the life of human being, for instance the struggle of Buffy to save the world portrays the hardship people usually go through o acquire their destiny (Hoechsmann, & Poyntz, 2012). Now, having perused through the above media artifact, the pertinent thing is to connect it to the Marxism.’, a theory noted by Mack and Otto in their book titled ‘critical media studies.’ It follows that the book illustrates this theory as a theory and at the same time a political movement and as a social tool motivator (Ott & Mack, 2010). This theory is actually rooted in the idea of society all the way in the history of class struggles. Actually, it is of no offense if the theory is assumed as a theory that literally does not make sense of the entire world via the per spective of materialism of historical grounds. First, the TV

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Story On Memory And Time English Literature Essay

Story On Memory And Time English Literature Essay It is one sunshine afternoon like the other day, my uncle complains to me about how to communicate with his son again. He tells me that he is so busy with his business that his son has always been lived with his grandparent abroad since his son was very young. I feel even more confused when he says that he is not used to spend the time with his son, as he does not know what to say to his son though he is a father. May be you can chat with your son about some interests that your son likes to do very much, such as football, basketball and so on. I tell him. And my memory begins to draft back to the time when I was very young. My parents always believe it is very important for them to spend the time with me no matter how busy they are. Of all the things in the world, time is the most valuable thing that parents can spend on a child. My parents always said that when I was young. They knew what my hobbies are clearly and they are so kind that always tried their best to cultivate my strong points. And it is mainly due to this reason that I am the best football player in my campus. I could not imagine what my course of life would be under the condition that my parents were the same as my uncle, knowing nothing about his child. Well, it is a good idea at the first glance, but I am not familiar with my sons hobbies. May be money can solve everything. You know, I am so successful a manager, hence, I can let my son know how successful his father is by the way of spending money. My uncle answers with confidence, like many parents nowadays, who always believe that it is more useful if they put money onto their children than time. At that moment, my heart is filled with compassion for his son. It is no surprise that his son has no strong points in my school and always spends the time by himself. Being so lonely and so introverted, he even does not know how to make friends with other classmates, never to say social intercourse. I feel am so fortunate than his son, as I have a harmony family, the family of which is vey united and compatible. Living in this family, I learn how to care other people, how to communicate with other people and how to show your friendliness to other people, the characteristics of which I cherish most in my life career. I am convinced that these are the best gifts my parent has given to me. After the conversation with my uncle, looking at the children playing football in the grass lawn not far away, the memories about the time I spend with my parent emerge in my mind. I fall into the precious and memorable recollections. It is no exaggeration to say that I could not have been crazy about playing the football without my fathers cultivation day by day. I remember that my father always comes to the court in my school to watch my football competition. In my memory, when I fail, he always says to me that it is not important of the results, but the process. I have many times of being frustrated; thinking may be I am not the proper person to play football though I love it. It is also my father, a patient and nice father, who gives me encouragements and cheer me up. There is one time that I will have my football competition in the next few days. Unfortunately, my father is too busy with his companies to come. So vital the competition is, I feel nervous and can not focus all my energy on the game, the game of which that I am crazy about. Surprisingly, when the competition begins, I find my father comes to watch my play in one corner of the court, smiling toward me. During that time, full of confidence and thankfulness fills my heart, and I get the golden medal at last. But that competition not merely rewards me that model, it also let me know how miraculous the fathers love to his son is, and how important it is to have the conscious of being able to conquer the impossible. Time will zip by, but memory will be left in your inner heart, especially the precious memories. Those memories about my childhood give me boundless knowledge. Of all the educations in the world, the parents education is significantly important. It is until I grow up that I gradually appreciate my parents influence on me during the period of my childhood. Had it not been for my parents influences, I could not have achieved so many gains not only relating to knowledge but also about social intercourse. It is the memory of my childhood that I cherish most and often hold the opinion that it is the best time in my life. And I am often associated to that period from the things happened in daily life and from what I hear and see when I grow up. Besides that, had it not been for that memory, it would be difficult for me to become an excellent football player in my school. In recent days, I write an article mainly about what is a life, and this title is derived from my childhood, from my father. Whats a life, Dad? Being an innocent child, I was curious about everything in daily life and I always asked my father what the life was when I was a little boy. Life is each day that you take and make most of that. My father always told me like that. Though I could not understand that deep meaning of life, I conceive something relating to life and living. I remember there are many memories about taking each day in my childhood. Fly kites in the field with my father; watch meaningful and moved movies relating to life, to common people with my father; enjoy the natural beauty with my parent when we go out to have a camping; play football with my father and other kids, learning what important in football and in life is the process, not the results. I remember the fondness time my father takes me to go to camp, and that memory always burns brightly in my heart. I l earn a lot from that, especially about how beautiful it is of nature and how meaningful the life is under the condition you put all your heart into it. I learn that simple truth earlier than other children. And these memories always company me when I feel depressed or delighted. Whenever I feel not sure about the life road ahead or become confused about the life and frustrated by trifle things in daily life, I always think about the cheerful memories in my mind, and then I know what the life is and how should I continue my road, how to live happily and meaningfully. It is no exaggeration to say that it is my childhood memory that gives me thoughts about how to write that article. Hence, I write this article, to pursue the significant meaning of life by my past time beautiful memories from my parent. It is my father who teaches me how to pursue life, and gives me inspiration of writing. The memories of spending wonderful time with family in my childhood are so vivid in my memory that I could not keep thinking about them when I am alone. Memory can be compared to flowers, give fragrance to people when they want it; memory can be compared to a mirror, from which you will know what you looks like and how can you make yourself look better and better; memory can be compared to a creation sources, give you inspirations and vision. And in my mind, memory is a reflection and manifestation of my parents love to his child, to me. It is this memory that companies me day and night, making me know how to achieve my dreams and let me know clearly about what is worth my pursuing in my life. Without this memory, I could not write that beautiful essay or being an excellent player in my school. Having this cherishing memory, I will do as my father did when I have my own child in the future; telling him what life is, by using the memories of my childhood. I will surely cultivate his strong points and interests, letting him have the precious memory like mine. A best memory of childhood is the best gift from parents, more valuable and expensive than money or jewelries. Without memory, writers could not write beautiful essays; without memory, children could not have so many fancies; without memory, I could not become good at playing football. Reflective Statement It is universally acknowledged that parents education has significant meaning and the best gift given to children is the time that parents put into, not money, jewelry or other things. Besides that, I have uncountable beautiful memories during childhood from my parent, who teaches me a lot not only about how to be a good person but also about how to explore the meaning of life and how to enjoy life. Therefore, this article is created. It is an article that can give people not only deep thoughts about cherished memories that belonged to their own but also let them know more about the parents influence on children. My memories of my parents cultivating me and playing with me when I was a child always encourage me to overcome difficulties and to be confidence in my daily life. Thanks to those precious memories, I can smile at life on matter it is sunshine or a winding day. And this is another reason which gives me inspiration of creating this work. This work can be used to render people tremendous benefits of how to be imaginable and fancy from their memories as well. It is the memories of wonderful time spending with parents during my childhood time that give me inspiration of creating this work. There are some problems emerged during writing process. For example, it seems to be difficult to describe the unforgettable time of childhood in detail. For the purpose of showing it vividly, I used my imagination and inspiration as well as memory, the memory of which is still burning vividly in my heart. Another problem is that how to arrange the structure of the work, with the purpose of achieving the better results. To achieve better effects, I used a conversation at first paragraph, the conversation of which is to reflect the common problems existed among many parents, who always hold the opinion that money can solve everything, including educating their children. The conversation with my uncle give rises to my own memory of childhood with parent as well. 2) Essay Introduction It is almost impossible to write of the childrens memories of their childhood without mentioning memories of their parents. As is known to all, parents education wield a significant influence in developing childrens practical abilities, cultivating childrens strong points and helping children accomplish educational goals. It is the memories of education and influences from parents that shape childrens life road to a great extent. This essay will firstly discuss the information about techniques and working methods that have been used in the creation of that work. Following this, it will give observations about the creative thinking and writing process of that work. Finally, it will describe the creation and construction of this work. Techniques and working methods being used In the contemporary world, perhaps most of the parents have the illusion that money can render them tremendous help of teaching their children, especially for the busy businessmen. Hence, at the first paragraph, it is a conversation with an uncle. Actually, uncle is a symbol of the parents who knows little on how to educating children, how to play with them and so forth. By comparison, in the first paragraph it also gives my own memories of my childhood and my parents, the purpose of which is to emphasize the theme that time is the best gift parents can give to their children. Another working methods should be mentioned is that in this work, it describes many vivid memories of childhood in detail. It is widely acknowledged by people that elaborate descriptions can better demonstrate the theme. Therefore, memories such as father went to see my football competition no matter how busy he was and how parents cultivated my interests are described vividly. Besides that, these beautiful memories can make people fall into the memories of their own as well. Hence, it can better attract the eyes of readers and achieve their sympathy Last but not least, in that work, it describes myself creating of an article what is life, which is said to be originated from my own memories of parent. For the purpose of putting the work to a meaningful level, I added that description, hoping it can receive the achievements of not only letting readers know how significant it is of parents education but also letting them know the vital role of memory in peoples daily writing and thoughts as it originates from my memory of parent. Good memories can accompany people on their entire life road and give them ray of light whenever they are in the darkness, though the life time zips by quickly. It is the memory of wonderful time which I spent with family that gives me that inspiration and imagination. Observations about the creative thinking and writing process The creative thinking and writing process is mainly reflected in the description of one article that I wrote in that work. I give the name what is life to it, as in my eyes, my parents education of me let me know how to live happily, how to pursue dreams on my life road and what is the meaning of living. It is the best gift and most cherished memory from my parent. Without their cultivation, I could not understand that life is to put your energy into it and enjoy it. From this sense, the writing of this section best exemplifies the creating thinking of mine, as it is the combination of my own memories and my own imaginations as well as my own thoughts about life from my eyesight. Creation and construction of this work In this work, conversation and description are both used, for the purpose of giving people vivid and exactly feeling and to achieve the result of emphasizing the theme of this work. Besides that, memories of my own are mainly used as all these descriptions originated from my own memories of my childhood. It is the basic source of creating this work. In order to emphasize the theory that though time zips by quickly, memories will company people and influence people almost all their lives, a description of imagination was used at the end of that work. That is, when I become a father, I will cultivate my own child like my father did, letting him know the meaning of life and spend as much time as possible with him, which is the best gift that parents can give but always neglect. There are many depictions about the memory itself in this work. It is mainly due to the reason that it is memory that gives me inspiration and imagination. In other words, I could not create this work without the basis of cherished memory. It is that memory which gradually let me understand how luck I am, as I have a harmony family which makes me always smile at life and have my own thoughts when I grow up. Hence, I described memories in details. And this is the mainly reason that I can create this work. When it comes to the reason why I constructed this work, for one part, it is due to the precious memories of my own and my own inspirations originated from those memories. For the other part, it is widely seen that in the contemporary world, most parents do not know how to communicate with their children, making their children lonely and introverted. Hence, it is so meaningful of that work in my mind that I create it. Conclusion In conclusion, good memories can render people tremendous benefits. It is memories of my childhood experience that gives me inspiration to create this work. Besides that, it goes without saying that parents should spend much more high quality time with children, giving them much beautiful memories, which can influence their characters and help them to be more and more confident in the future. And this is the theme of my work as well.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

The Origins of the Samurai and Bushido Codes Essays -- Japanese Japan

The Origins of the Samurai and Bushido Codes "Explain the meanings and discuss the concepts and origins of Samurai and Bushido code, then relate these concepts towards the modern Japanese Soldier and Leader during World War 2 and show evidence to support that the Japanese soldier treated enemy prisoners exploiting Samurai and Bushido traditions." Bushido - ???- the feudal-military Japanese code of behavior; the way of the warrior [samurai] Japanese chivalry [knighthood] In order to understand bushido and its traditions, a comparison must be made between the 'traditional' bushido (idealistic) and the bushido code which was adopted into the Japanese military during World War II. The Japanese justified that the reason they treated the prisoners in a form of such brutality is because it's a part of their way of life, the concept of 'no one surrenders'. However if so surrendered then your life is pretty much hell, and according to the Japanese custom your family back home is brought shame. With the evidence from source material though, it seems that the Australians and very likely other nations in there prison camps understood what was going on around them. Indeed the Japanese breached the Geneva convention but what is it exactly, did the other countries follow it accordingly? The Japanese method of dealing with Allied prisoners was seen through the 'western eyes' as brutality, scum and inhumane. Yet by the same according to source material some Australi an soldiers recognized that the Japanese did what they did, and in some cases they exploited the true meaning of bushido or did they? To understand if the Japanese soldier and leaders in particular abuse the code of bushido, the traditional bushido must be looked at. "... ...the Japanese military in World War II and the spontaneous atrocities that occur in most other. There is much of the blame on the Japanese society and its interpretation of bushido that had virtually no concept of individual human rights, which found its epitome in the Japanese military, to whom the concept had no semantic value whatsoever. All orders were given "in the name of the Emperor", and so the leaders could never be questioned. Japanese soldiers tried as war criminals were genuinely shocked to have this defense set aside. Simply the fact that they would also attempt to kill themselves for the Emperor too. Either and Explotation of the Bushido code or the Japanese just saught revenge on the white race, due to race relations maybe because the Japanese were looked upon as yellow people from Asia like the Chinese and not capable to fight a 'western country'.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Capital Punishment Essays - For the Common Good :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Capital Punishment Essays - For the Common Good      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Putting to death people judged to have committed certain extremely terrible crimes is a practice of ancient standing, but in the United States in the second half of the twentieth century, it has become a very controversial issue.   Changing views on this difficult issue led the Supreme Court to abolish capital punishment in 1972 but later upheld it in 1977.   Although capital punishment is what the people want, there are many voices raised against it.   People all over the country debate this issue quite frequently.   They question the deterrent effect, morality, executions of innocents, and many more.   I have heard a lot about the death penalty and feel that the arguments against it are not at all convincing.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some people argue that capital punishment is morally wrong.   They feel that killing some one for their crime is murder.   In any dictionary it states that murder is the unlawful act of killing.   Since capitol punishment is within the law it is not murder.   Also if executions   is murder then prison is kidnapping and charging taxes is extortion.   There is a difference between crime and punishment.   Are police officers wrong for speeding to enforce the speeding laws?   No.   They also say that we should value all human life.   Even the most despicable.   It is because we value human life so much that we put such a terrible consequence for taking it.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One argument states that the death penalty does not deter people from murdering.   To abolish capital punishment on this basis would be way off base.   You would also have to get rid of prisons because they do not keep people from committing crimes also.   Texas A&M University collected data and the results are horrifying.   In 1960 there were 56 executions and 9,140 murders.   In 1964 there were 15 executions and 9, 250 murders.   In 1969 there were no executions and 14,590 murders.   Seven more years without executions and there was 20,510 murders.   As you can see the deterrent effect is there and works very well.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As you can see the death penalty is for the common good and it saves lives.   People out there say that the death penalty is wrong, but

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Identity Theft :: Journalistic Essays

Identity Theft Everyone loves shopping online, you save time, not exactly money, but who cares when its holiday time, at least you won’t need to fight for a parking spot in the hectic malls. Growing up in America’s technological day and age, almost everyone has a computer or at least knows how to operate one. People like the easy way out, and it has its benefits. Year by year, things seem to get easier and easier. Therefore, people are getting lazier. Well, I say, goodbye â€Å"laziness†, and hello â€Å"being aware of where you place those important documents†. There’s very little you can do to prevent it, and you won’t know it’s happened to you until it’s too late. Identity theft is currently the fastest growing type of robbery in the United States. When a person steals someone’s identification documents without them knowing, and uses their information, the crime is called â€Å"Identity Theft†. â€Å"About one in five victims knows the identity thief as a relative, roommate, neighbor, or coworker, according to the FTC ID Theft Data Clearinghouse report, says reporter Isham Jones for Realtor Magazine Online. There are two main types of identity fraud that enables people to steal your identity. They are financial fraud, being the most widespread including credit card, bank, telecommunications, tax refund, and several other types of scams. Criminal activity is the other type fraud that involves taking someone’s identity and using it to commit heinous crimes. â€Å"Identity theft accounted for 42 percent of the thousands of consumer complaints reported to the FTC in 2001. The FTC processes these complaints through Consumer Sentinel, an electronic clearinghouse available to investigative groups such as the FBI and the U.S. Secret Service as well as to similar groups in other countries†, reports Waterline reporter Carole W. Butler. There are many laws that lash out against identity theft and help protect you against it, but it doesn’t seem like its scaring any of the criminals. ID theft is still the number one crime in America!!! Identity theft can happen to anyone, and to avoid being put in a situation like this one you have to review your Credit report at least once a year. Purchase a shredder to shred all documents with personal information before throwing them away. Be responsible over every bank statement, and keep them under close watch. Don’t send mail using your unsecured mailbox. Have your social security number changed if it is the same as your driver’s license number.

Innovation of Apple

MBA A Case Study on â€Å"Innovation on Apple† Course Code : MBA Cohort 22 Lecturer : Mr. D. L. Allen Student Name : Wong Man Pan Student ID : Submission Date : 18 July, 2012 No of words :3,092 1. Executive summary This article contains four main sections; in the first section, the characteristics of innovation Company are defined, mainly the ideas which follow Barry, John and Richard, 2011 and the overview of Apple Inc innovation would be evaluated based on the factors found. In the second section, the affecting factors in management (Amabile, 1998 ) and climate (Ekvall, 1996) based on Apple Inc would be discussed.Hence, two innovative companies such as HP and 3M performance would also be brought out . These three companies would be identified according to the three strategies suggested by Barry, John and Richard, 2011. Moreover, four actions framework from Kim and Mauborgne, 2005 would be analyzed with respect to one application from Apple — â€Å"Siri†. Finall y, recommendation would be made for future development and challenge especially since the key man [Steve Jobs] passed away in 2011. 2. Content 1. Executive summary2 2. Content2 3. Introduction3 4.Five elements of innovative company – Apple Inc5 5. Creativity7 6. Managerial practices and organization climate for creativity7 7. â€Å"Siri† Four Actions Framework11 8. Conclusion and recommendation12 9. Reference14 3. Introduction Among the enterprises pursue innovation, Apple Inc is recognized as the most successful case. In 2011, Barry, John and Richard, 2011 conducted the survey and concluded that Apple Inc is the most innovative companies worldwide and the Exxon Mobil Corporation has been replaced by Apple as the most valuable company in the U.S by market capitalization. Always there is a misconception for most people, as heavy investment is the fundamental requirement to be the most innovative company. However it was found that Apple spend only around 2. 7% of revenue annually on R&D, comparing with Microsoft whom spend 14% of revenue, there is a big gap. It implies that the findings from Barry, John and Richard, 2011- spending more on R&D does not necessary drive results, the most crucial factors are strategic alignment and cultural influences that support innovation.Therefore, this article mainly focuses on managerial practices, such as organizational and environmental support, rather than how the investment was allocated. In the article of Barry, John and Richard, 2011, the innovative organization should focus on innovative strategy, effective overall business strategy, deep customer insight, great talent and the right set of capabilities to achieve successful execution, all of these factors are critical when identify the way of Apple Inc in performing innovation.Simultaneously, creativity is the inspiration of organization and it is easily affected by management and cultures. Two more innovative companies would be analyzed based on Amabile, 1998 and Ekvall, 1996, Apple would be defined as need seekers and technology drives based on Barry, John and Richard, 2011. Innovation would be resulted as strong identification with customer experiences and passion for products; this would drive the products with superior performance and quality.After the management and culture of Apple Inc is analyzed, one product – Siri would be taken into account to show the result of innovation based on the four actions framework suggested by Kim and Mauborgne, 2005. Although Apple Inc stands for the top innovative company, it is essential to review the strategy and make change especially when top management is altered. 4. Five elements of innovative company – Apple Inc In the article of Barry, John and Richard, 2011, it is clear that innovation is not determined by the amount on R&D spending, the most vital factors are strategic alignment and cultures which support innovation.In this section, five elements issued by Barry, John a nd Richard, 2011 would be studied. Focused innovation strategy of Apple would be started from the key element in Apple’s approach to innovation (Walter, 2011), focus on where you think you can make a significant contribution recognized and it was further confirmed by Steve Jobs when he returned to Apple in 1997, Steve cut the unnecessary product line, minimized the number of developing products from 15 to 4.At that moment, only one or two new products were limited to launch into the market annually, it attempted to obtain the team power to concentrate on specific products development. Besides Apple Inc which only heavenly focuses on design and development, all the component and product assembly are outsourced, where it needs to share the profit with the supplier and the vendor, but Apple inevitably takes the largest portion.Effective overall business strategy is the combination of effective resources allocation and business model, Apple Inc, not like other electronic device c ompanies, it is the pioneer to perform value chain integration. In the figure of Apple, 2011, it showed that only 40% of revenue is generated from the consumer electronic products like iphone and ipad, the large portion are generated from the Apps store and advertising agent. This means that the business model is no longer relied on buy-off product; it keeps the financial stability by ongoing sales from Apps store and advertising agent platform.The crucial point for Apple is that they do not need to invest tremendously on platform development as they are run by users and new apps are not developed by Apple itself but it shares the profit. This overall strategy is effective and sustainable to the whole group. Deep customer insight is defined as customer relationship quality, in other words, it is determined by products and services where customer orientated. One of the innovation strategies from Apple was customer eccentric; end users can not realize the needs until the products of A pple launched.The structure of the products chain is constructed by end users plus application, users get the electronic hardware from Apple which allows them to share and personalize their software of products through the Apps store and iTunes, and this also helps the group to diversify the income base. Moreover through the breakthrough of mp3 and Discman player, it is easy to observe that Apple products like ipod and iphone, the feature is user friendly, such as users are easily to find the particular song within a minute among 1,000 stored file.Furthermore, looking at the environment Apple store, it successfully created a fairly comfortable atmosphere for customers, where a number of well trained staff would solve whatever problems from the products and always equipped with well manners and technical support. Great talent in Apple Inc could be said to be influenced by the company key man – Steve Jobs, it is the dedicated person who make Apple as an icon of innovation. Acco rding to Purkayastha and Syeda Qumer, 2011, most of the decisions of product development came from Steve.Also he inspired every staff in Apple to design and develop the products by thinking differently and create an environment in which the people working in Apple would believe that they are better than the rest (Purkayastha and Syeda Qumer, 2011). In recruiting staff, Steve put a large effort and resources on selecting the most outstanding talent on hardware, software, design and management. In the mind set of Steve Jobs, he believed that hire people who want to make the best things in the world and innovation comes from passionate, dedicated people.Indeed, there is no specific R&D team in Apple Inc, all the development is based on objective orientation, featuring the right person and forming the team. The right set of capabilities to achieve successful execution, although there is no variety product from Apple, but it provides a total package to the customer. Apple has all self ow ned necessaries in the execution which is included but not limited to electronic device, operation system development (iOS) and itunes platform with alliance with media company and apps developer, Apple does not need to rely on another company on the operations. . Creativity The presence of both individual and organizational creativity mechanisms led to the highest level of innovation performance (Sundar and Anil, 2000), it is essential to investigate the creativity in Apple, there are three components of creativity suggested by Amabile, 1998, they are expertise, creativity thinking skills and motivation. (i) Expertise means every professional knowledge that people acquired and perform in the duties.Information technologies is the main core of Apple, hire people who want to make the best things in the world is one of the key elements in Apple approach mentioned at Walter, 2011, it implied that there are many experts in Apple. Apart from I. T and design area, Apple also provides corp orate service to different industries; the team of consultant is required to have a variety of industries knowledge in order to offer the total consultative solution in different area to different types of customer. ii) Creativity thinking skills are defined as the flexibility and imagination of people to solve the problems, many Apple products are originated from another companies, like ipod, the idea was come from Tony Fadell (Ping and Yuan-hong, 2012), after the modification of design with creativity thinking skills, the outcomes equipped the pocket size devices would be store 1,000 songs and quick search function that is far advance than other type mp3 players. (iii) Motivation  drives people to behave actively toward a desired goal and initiates, controls, and sustains certain goal.Apple  attracts and retains employees in part owing to the benefits, or expected and non-performance related incentives, it offers, such as product discounts or insurances, executives are rewarde d by giving them a recognition bonus of 3 to 5 percent of their base salary. 6. Managerial practices and organization climate for creativity In Barry, John and Richard, 2011 findings – spending more on R&D won’t drive results; the most crucial factors are strategic alignment and a culture.Inevitably, managerial practices affect creativity of whole organization, per Amabile, 1998 suggested that six general categories are challenge, freedom, resources, work-group features, supervisory encouragement and organization support. Apple Inc would be analyzed together with two more innovative companies in order to obtain a better understanding on the way management of Apple encourage and develop innovation within the organization comparing with another innovative companies. | Apple Inc| HP| 3M|Challenge| Apple followed 10:3:1 approach, 10 entirely different mock up of the new design is required to provide by designer, only three designs would be selected, then engineer would wor k on the designs before the final stage. Although the process is harsh and consuming, Steve Jobs would drop all the finished concepts at very last minutes. | Researchers are not limited to work in R&D area; they can work across the different team and department on variety of projects like engineering and marketing team. Under the performance rating system, the salaries of individuals are determined by comparing with their peers performance. Salaries and promotions are tied to the product’s progress, for any new product, when the sales grow to USD5M, the product’s originator becomes a project manager, at USD20-30, a department manager, in USD75M range, division manager. 25% rules introduced: A quarter of division’s sales come from the products introduced within the past five years. | Freedom| There is no restriction in the brain storm meeting, team member of development team is free to express their creativity then pass the proposal for further investigate on the feasibility and effectiveness. The management philosophy of HP is mutual trust and respect for individuals, everyone can make decisions on almost everything idea which related to their research work. Staffs in HP lab have flexible working hours. | Staffs in 3M tend to be self-policing. There is no restriction for the staff moving from one business to another. | Resources| | Diversity network associations offer employees an opportunity to engage in professional support and networking activities. | HP invest a lot on its R&D section and put R&D as the centre of business.The resources are come from HP Labs Bristol and their big partner like UK government. It provides advanced office building and world class facilities for research staff to perform their technological work. The researcher would grant special research funds to set up new projects | USD 50,000 would be granted for the project pass the idea stage, a panel of technical experts and scientists awards as many as 90 grants eac h year. | Work-group features| Apple worked on the concept of informal corporate culture flat organizational structure is established.No matter the job post is high or low, they share the same open spaces for creativity. | HP lab consists of many small units, individuals take responsibilities and work together as a team. The lab operates a flat organizational hierarchy, only three layers of management, scientist, manager and director. | Every division are kept small, on average about USD200M in sales| Supervisory encouragement| Management in Apple especially Steve Jobs created an environment in which employees were encouraged to believe that they are better than the others.The employee also would gain the benefits in the coaching and mentoring arrangement. | With the trust and respect philosophy, the staffs do not have much interference from management and only simple regulations in the HP lab. Senior researcher would be assigned as a mentor for the new comers. Supervisor is easily be found in HP lab as they would participate in the regular coffee meeting and spending leisure time with researcher to get more idea on the on going activities. Tolerance of mistakes and all technical staff at coporate labs dedicate about 15% of their efforts toward learning and training programs in areas outside their responsibilities. | Organization support| Developmental program in Apple Inc is included 16structured on-the-job training. | Workshops and training program is opened for everyone. Renowned experts would be invited in regular public lecture and give talks to the staff. Recognized award in form of financial rewards would be encouraged to the staff that make particular contributions to the innovation, even the output is not suitable for commercialization would still be patented. 15% rule allows anyone in 3M to spend up to 15% of work week on anything they wants, as long as it is product related. Small meeting rooms allows a small group of staff from different divisions even customer to exchange ideas. | These six elements are similar to what Ekvall, 1996 suggested organization climate for creativity and innovation, and it plays an impact variable which interferes the results of organization operations.Based on the three strategies suggested by Barry, John and Richard, 2011, need seekers, market readers and technology drivers and then comparing with three innovative companies analyzed, it is induced that Apple Inc strategy is belonged to need seekers, with respect to the pioneer concept and ideas like itunes, apps store and siri, it satisfy the characteristic of shaping new products/services and being a leader to the market. At the same time, the technological capabilities allows them to have the whole product integration, range from operating system iOS to hardware, it would be also defined as technology driver.In reviewing 3M innovation and new concept is come from customer and market needs with incremental change to the products and being the fa st followers in the market place, so 3M takes the market readers strategy. Finally with the advanced laboratory support and customer orientated, HP would be recognized as market readers and technology drivers. 7. â€Å"Siri† Four Actions Framework Creativity is easily found on every Apple’s product, the innovation involvement on one of the latest products â€Å"Siri† would be investigated based on the Kim and Mauborgne, 2005.Four actions framework suggested by Kim and Mauborgne, 2005 included (i) reducing factors which below the industry’s standard; by applying voice recognized analysis technology in Siri, it simplifies the end user key in process and reduce the hardware and software application. (ii) Creating the products that the industry has never offered; Siri offers accurate result through â€Å"Voice to result† to end users which is the pioneer to the market. (iii) Raising the factors above the industry’s standard; Siri allows users do not have any knowledge on computing which enhance the number of users from any background. iv) Eliminating the items that industry takes for granted, by applying â€Å"Siri†, keyboard, mouse and even touch screen would be eliminated. 8. Conclusion and recommendation According to the analytical result of the five elements on innovative company, managerial practices and four action framework on both Apple Inc and its product, it is identified that strategies of Apple Inc are need seekers and technology drivers, the products including but not limited to â€Å"Siri† totally reflect the result from individual and organizational creativity.There are many people worried about Apple future as the matter of fact that the key person [Steve Jobs] has resigned and pass away in 2010, although there is no immediately impact as innovation plan is normally lasted for 5-10 years, it is difficult to replace [Steve] who acted as spiritual leader and final decision makers in short period of time. It would be a golden chance for the company to readjust the policy especially on the decision making; the decision power would be distributed to different project leader by absorbing more idea from the staff and redefining the standpoint.It would enhance the freedom in the whole organization and it is easily recognized the importance of freedom to the effect of creativity from the analysis of HP and 3M. No doubt, [Steve] is a symbol of Apple Inc, he was not only CEO, and he was also a new product pitchman. Now when Steve was passed away, people included investor and consumer would unilaterally associate the innovation and advanced technologies are all gone simultaneously, the confidential level of Apple’s products would be dropped.To put a stop, it would be grateful that the message of team spirit and performance be demonstrated to the public by putting focus on how individual and team affecting the result. The new product presentation should be introduced in form o f team which allows the public forget the past image of Apple but it is important that keeping the spirit of [Steve] eternally in form of brand image in order to consolidate the cohesion internally and externally.It is truly believed that Apple Inc is the most successful innovation company throughout the investigation base on theories suggested by Barry, John and Richard, 2011, Amabile, 1998, Ekvall, 1996, Kim and Mauborgne, 2005 and Sundar and Anil, 2000. Inevitably Apple Inc would face a great challenge as the change is necessary with the top management movement, with the best wishes on smooth passing the transitional period and sustaining the long established innovative image. 9. Reference 1. Barry, John and Richard, 2011: Barry,J, John,L and Richard,H. 2011, The global innovation 1000 why culture is key.New York: Booz & Company Inc. 2. Amabile, 1998: Amabile, TM. 1998, How to kill creativity, Harvard business review. 76(5), pp. 77 – 87 3. Ekvall, 1996: Ekvall, J. 1996, Or ganization climate for creativity and innovation. European journal of work and organizational psychology. 5(1), pp. 105-123 4. Kim and Mauborgne, 2005: Kim, W. C and Mauborgne,R. 2005, Blue ocean strategy. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard business school press. 5. Walter, 2011: Walter, I. 2011, Steve Jobs. New York: Simon & Schuster. 6. Ping and Yuan-hong, 2012: Ping,C and Yuan-Hong,L. 012, Comparison on innovation of high-tech corporation, Technoeconomics & management research. 292(5), pp50-54 7. Purkayastha and Syeda Qumer, 2011: Purkayastha,D and Syeda Qumer, M. 2011, Innovation at Apple, India: IBS Center for management research. 8. Apple, 2011: Annual report 2010-2011. California: Apple Inc. 9. Sundar and Anil, 2000: Sundar, B and Anil, M. 2000, Making Innovation Happen in Organizations: Individual Creativity Mechanisms, Organizational Creativity Mechanisms or Both? , Journal of product innovation management. 17(6), pp424-434

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

An Analysis of the Stubbies Advertisement by Coca-Cola Essay

The 2005 ‘Stubbies† advertisement by Coke-Cola owned soft drink company Lemon and Paeroa (L&P) is constructed in such manner to produce ‘New Zealand’ within it text. The advertisement has been produced with particular attention and reference to New Zealand and New Zealanders, subjugating a sense of nationalism among viewers. This essay analyses and explains how L&P creates and fosters a sense of national identity among viewers through elements of; nationalism, banal nationalism, and symbolism. The 1970s styled advertisement for L&P was created by the production company Sliversceen Auckland. The storyline shows a formally dressed suited male entering a tailor shop and becoming acquainted with the casual clothing item of ‘stubbies’ shorts (Vist4ads 2005). These are an iconic clothing item associated with rural New Zealand and are coupled with values such as practicality and comfort. A range of men are then shown in variety of situations depicting the versatility of the stubbies shorts. Although a great deal of focus is given to the stubbies shorts, the item being advertised is the soft drink L&P. It is drunk throughout the commercial, and the advertisement suggests that both stubbies shorts and L&P are essential items of iconic ‘kiwi’ culture. This is reinforced through catchphrase ‘You were there and so was L&P.’ The use of personal pro-noun ‘You’ connects and involves the audience with advertisement through the nationalistic branding technique of ‘co-creation (ZALA VOLCIC and MARK ANDREJEVIC 2011).’The reliance as brand placed upon consumers to build and disseminate the brands identity. The brand L&P has constructed their advertisement in a particular way which leaves a reliance on consumers to reflect, build and distribute brand identity of being an iconic ‘kiwi’ favourite soft drink through dra wing on their proud heritage and positive pastimes which make up New Zealand identity and culture. The consciousness of a space as a nation requires a level of imagination: a sense of people affiliating to the same state who negotiate and construct meanings. The definition of a nation requires a construction of representation of an image (Bell 1996). L&P strives to be an iconic image which in turn encapsulates the embodiment of what it means to part of the nation of New Zealand. Media scholar Claudia Bell states that the building of a nation is not all natural, rather facilitated through socialisation mechanisms that guide us a citizens (Bell 1996). The advertisement aims to guide viewers to reflect on time when men wore ‘stubbies’ and ‘everyone just left their keys in the car anyway’. The portrayal by L&P of these events is suggestive that these were ‘the good times’ for New Zealanders. The viewing population of New Zealand absorbs these values, reflections and associations with L&P as assumptions of identity, which are unconscious taken on board. The connective association with L&P and New Zealand national identity is an is an implicit marketing tool by Cola-Cola in order the present L&P as New Ze aland’s drink of choice and a natural feature of a nation as summarized through the slogan â€Å"world famous in New Zealand since ages ago.† This reminds the viewer that a nation can only be formed through history which makes us unique as a nation. Production and construction of ‘New Zealand’ in the advertisement occurs through the advertising construction and production of banal nationalism. Banal nationalism is a concept founded by Michael billig which argues that the consistent reference to the everyday representations of the nation conceptually forms expressions of nationalism such as forming an imagined sense of national solidarity and belonging among those united in a national sense. Billing claims that everyday expressions of nationalism can be as important and reactivate as the representational flag-waving of nations. (PRIDEAUX 2009) Banal nationalism is repeated throughout the L&P advertisement in a variety of ways. Firstly the sense of implied unity through the advertisements plotlines desires to be ‘our’ story and a snapshot of everyday New Zealand in the summer time of the 1970s. This is achieved through the voice-over language and popular expressions throughput the advertisement such as the colloquiums â€Å"back in the day† and ‘Kiwi’s.’ The casualness of the phrases projects a sense of understanding and unity among the New Zealand audience. The L&P drinking New Zealanders shown the advertisement embody characters which are portrayed as typical ‘Kiwis’ in 1970s such as the small Maori boy with a large afro hairstyle posed next to his bike and the characteristic rural New Zealand bloke complete with singlet, jandals, and a mullet. Banal nationalism also occurs through the advertisement portrayal of typical New Zealand scenes which are familiar with such as the dairy, the rural country side, and a summer barbeque. These are relatable settings to almost any New Zealander and enables personal reflection. The symbols of banal nationalism symbols are most effective because of their constant repetition, and almost subliminal nature, therefore a very powerful marketing and advertising tool. The production of ‘New Zealand’ occurs in the L&P advertisement through the placement of a range of symbols which are an attempt to reference and embody New Zealand as a nation. The repeated image of the kiwi bird along the window in scene when a stubbies clad male is impressing a pretty girl is not a coincidence. The kiwi bird is the product of New Zealand and being used to repeatedly remind viewers of their place in the nation, a process Michael billing describes as being ‘flagged,’ a term coined by nations overuse flying nation flags. The kiwi is iconic since the bird is native to New Zealand. The advertisement also couples the kiwi with other iconic symbols associated with New Zealand and national pride such jandals, and the act of a large summer barbeque which are symbolic of deeper meanings to the New Zealander such as relaxation and family. New Zealand indigenous symbols such as the kiwi bird that are distinctively New Zealand are particular important in the production of nationalism within advertisement simply as they are not British. Historically New Zealand derived symbols of national identity from the motherland such as Britannia (Bell 1996). The kiwi build nationality as it is naturally occurring and guides New Zealanders as citizens. Symbols are closely interlinked with national identity as they draw associations among viewers. The production of national symbols like the kiwi into this advertisement that is selling bottled soft drink is not random, rather an attempt to associate the idealised images associated with the symbol and merge with the marketed product o f L&P. The advertisers wish to make L&P symbolic and iconic and to naturally compel viewers to place L&P into their symbolic category of what embodies New Zealand as a nation and what it is to be a New Zealander. New Zealand is multicultural nation and this has been understood by the advertiser by portraying a range of different New Zealander within the thirty second video clip. This is most effectively portrayed in the end scene of summer barbeque. The barbeque is made up both Pakeha and Maori attendees who seen chatting, relaxing, and drinking L&P. The use of people who literally look like they are New Zealanders localises the advertisement for effective absorption of values. Although New Zealand has many cultural issues such as regular Treaty of Waitangi disputes, these are brushed aside and New Zealand mixed culture is produced and perceived as positive. Although L&P is part of a global multinational company Coke-Cola this is ignored and the advertisement is produced with a distinct New Zealand feel leading consumers to believe the drink is of local origin, in particular the small town of Paeora which the drink shares its name. The advertiser claim ‘world famous in New Zealand’ also slants towards the projection the soft drink is locally produced and therefore competes on a level international soft drinks cannot. (Bell 1996). A key component of nationalism is an understanding of history and the intermingled of both of New Zealand major ethnic races pays homage to New Zealand colonial past and assimilating cultures. L&P understands that the world is rapidly changing and globalisation is rapidly expanding and increasing the dominance of transnational marketplace therefore produced affirmation of ‘New Zealand† and nationalism with their stubbies advertisement to showcase and assert distinctiveness of the nation’s unique local, regional, and national identity (Bell 1996). â€Å"Any nation’s existence relies on some sense of loyalty to that nation, on patriotic sentiment, on awareness of nationalism. A sense of shared purpose, a pride in a place, acknowledgment of national success. All these combine in a sense of belonging (Bell 1996)†. Michael Billing noted that Billing noted that every day we are reminded that we belong to a nation through routine occurrences including using passports, the language of political speakers, the media and academia (Billing 1995 ). However through examination it has become apparent that nationalism has become a tool by advertisers to foster nationalist feelings to their audience. The advertisement establishes and produces New Zealand as a nation and then reproduces and represents New Zealand as an L&P loving nation. In advertising, the power of recognition is manipulated for economic ends. The ‘stubbies’ advertisement shows an idealised version of New Zealand is order to create a collective inte rest in the product. Bibliography Bell, Claudia. Inventing NZ: Everyday Myths of Pakeha Identity. Auckland: Penguin Books, 1996. Billig, Michael. Banal Nationlism . London : Sage Publishing , 1995 . PRIDEAUX, JILLIAN. â€Å"Consuming icons: nationalism and advertising in Australia.† Nations and Nationlism (School of Political Science and International Studies, The University of Queensland) 15, no. 4 (2009): 616–635. Vist4ads. L&P stubbies. 2005. http://www.visit4ads.com/details.cfm?adid=20954 (accessed 08 2, 2013). ZALA VOLCIC and MARK ANDREJEVIC. â€Å"Nation Branding in the Era of Commercial Nationalism.† International Journal of Communication 5, 2011: 598–618.

Communication In Job Role Essay

Review the range of groups and individuals whose communication needs must be addressed in own job role. Resident communication needs In my job role as a Deputy Manager I must ensure that I consider the different levels of communication when supporting our residents: We use the following within my work place: Picture schedule This is a form of pictures on a long strip of Velcro, which highlights what is expected of the resident thought the day. This is important to the resident because it enables the individual to see what activities they have thought out the day, it provides a structured day for the resident to identify what activities they have first then after. This provides stable communication between staff member and the residents in aid of reducing anxiety. Barriers and challenges. Barriers that and challenges may arise are: Individuals whom are using the pictures may become too complacent there for require the same product such as dairy milk chocolate bar that is presented on the picture. This can become a challenge as if diary milk factory was to shut and the products where to be no longer produced then the resident whom has the picture of the diary milk and has constantly used this picture to resemble chocolate for the last ten years may become anxious due to not having the chocolate bar resembling the correct photo. Staff members may not be consistent with using the picture schedule, when using picture schedule it is paramount that staffs are consistent when prompting picture schedule. This can become an barrier and a challenge when some staff are using the schedule and some are not. This can confuse the residents and increase anxiety when not used; this can also take the skill away from that resident as well as hinder their communication development. Staffs whom are not adequate trained in using the picture schedule could provide a potential barrier to our residents as it creates a disturbance in the routine of their daily activities in not knowing what they are going to do for the day. Social story A social story is used to simplify a form of information. This is done by having words as well as pictures to explain the information that is needed to be presented to the person. For example: This form of communication is used within our service it ensures that the individual feels included in any decisions that are made, and that they are aware of what is expected off them when they are going on an activity, any planned activities set for the future. They can also be used to explain the step by step guide of what they are to do on a daily bases. This form of communication also reduces anxiety by giving the resident a preferred communication between staff and the individual; it also gives them a clear understanding of what staff members are asking them to do. Individuals whom are creating the social stories may provide information that is too difficult for the resident to understand. They could also presume that the information given has been taken in by the resident; the challenge that may arise is that the resident will not take in the information and may become anxious due to confusion over what is being asked. Another barrier may be too much information, depending on whom you are presenting the social story to, some require bug writing and big pictures where as others may require average size font and pictures but with short and sweet information. A challenge may arise when we presume that an individual whom is using picture schedule may understand social stories, this can in effect create a barrier as it provides the resident with no information other than words and pictures. When presenting the social story, we may not be presenting the social story in the correct manner in accordance to the individual, When reading we may need to be mindful of how fast we go through the information and how many times we go read the social story to the person. Because by going over to many times may cause an issue as well as how fast we read through as some individual may take longer to cognitively understand the information, therefore we must ensure we work at the speed of the individual whom we are working with. Verbal communication Some of our residents require verbal communication, however not all residents who are verbal are able to understand all language used. Therefore they require to be communicated with simple form of vocabulary rather than jargon. This is important to be assessed and mindful because you do not want to give them information that is too difficult to understand, you want them to have simple words that they can take in and understand to avoid any confusion or anxiety. A barrier that may arise when verbally communicating to a resident is how fast and what form of words we use. Not all residents whom are vocal are able to understand long fast sentences there for we must speak to the resident in a manner that they can understand. For example if the resident understands one single word then staff will use the single word rather than a sentences, this is because by using the sentences it could potentially create a challenge as it can cause the resident to become anxious by having too much demands placed on them. I also need to be mindful of whom I am speaking to when I am communicating to individuals, for instance if I speak to a GP then I would not speak the same to the residents as my choice of words will differ massively. Therefore I must always be mindful of the way that I communicate to each individual to ensure that they understand the information that is presented as well as I understands the needs of each person. Makaton We do not have a resident who uses Makaton however if the staff did not know how to use Makaton then we would need Makaton training to enable use to communicate effectively with the resident. We would also need to ensure that we have a basic communication with that resident to ensure we meet the needs of the resident threw understanding what the residents wants and any issues the resident may have on a daily bases. Pecks Book A pecks book is used with one of our residents to identify what he wants, the  peck books provides the resident with a choice of what to eat and what activities he would like to do on a daily bases. This is helpful as it provides the team with a preferred communication style in enabling the staff to identify what activities and want he requires. We can support this by ensuring that we be consistent when using the pecks book with the residents to enable the resident to maintain the communication skill. If we do not use this form of communication then the resident will potentially forget how to use the communication book as well has not be able to communicate his needs to the staff effectively. Team communication needs Team meeting As a team a form of communication that we use are team meetings, team meetings allow staff and management to formally communicate any issues or good relating practices that are present. It is important when conducting a team meeting that all relevant information communicated is understood by all of our staff team, if there is any person who requires help then supervision may help. Other ways of helping would be to complete an information leaflet of what has been said in the meeting as well as the action plans and outcomes. Supervisions Not all staff members are able to share their opinions when in a team meeting another form of preferred communication for some is via supervisions. This enables the individual to discuss their feeling and thoughts without feeling judged by others, it also gives the employee an opportunity to discuss their opinions through their own preferred communication. It also provides managers with an effective approach on how each staff member should receive their supervision. It is paramount that when giving supervision, managers should cater their discussion around the individual. They should also ensure they be mindful of whom they are speaking to and how they approach negative and constructive feedback depending on the individual whom is undergoing the supervision. You can also support effective communication threw supervisions by getting the individual involved in completing the supervision form; you can also provide them with an outcome of the supervision enabling them to  read over and sign in their own time. Barriers and challenges Communication book Communication book can be used to log important information that is needed to be handed over, it can also be used to pass on massages to staff members whom are not on shift. We are able to provide effective communication through this book by ensuring staff read and sign what is put into the book; this can ensure that when they have signed the information then they understand what has been passed on within the book. However the only issue with the communication book is that staff may not always read the book or they may not read the information. This can be reduced by providing the communication book on hand over, shift leader to ensure all staff read and sign also you could have an extended sheet of the a4 paper highlighting the important information that staff should read and sign. We also need to be mindful how we provide the information; Information that is put into the book should be clear, understandable, literature that all staff can understand to avoid any confusion. Face to Face contact whilst on shift. Even though it can be easier to put information into a communication it is not always the best form of communication to all, why because we are all individuals. Some individuals require management to discuss any issues via face to face contact as some individuals tend to understand more when they are listening and picking up body language when talking. We can support individual threw face to face contact by asking them do they understand and if there is any other way they would like the information, you can also effective communication by ensuring the person is focused on you rather than the things going on in the environment.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

How to Make a Book in 5 Ultra-Simple Steps

How to Make a Book in 5 Ultra-Simple Steps How to Make a Book: Binding a Hardback in 5 Simple Steps When we talk about how to make a book in 2018, we often talk about exporting files to Kindles and other ebook readers. But what about the old-fashioned art of making a book by hand? Some say that bookbinding is a dying art - but we reckon it’s due for a comeback.In this post, we’ll show you how to make a beautiful book. Not just any blank tome but a beautiful novel, memoir, or non-fiction book - formatted to a professional standard, and bound in a hardback cover. And the best part is that it should cost you no more than fifteen or twenty dollars! Want to know how to hand-make a hardback book? Look no further! So if you’ve written a piece of fiction or non-fiction and you want to know how to make a copy that you can gift to someone special (or have as a keepsake), simply follow all the steps below. Or if you’re looking to create a blank notebook, feel free to jump straight to step three.You will learn how to:Format your book to a professional standard (for free)Print your book into signaturesAssemble the signatures into bound foliosCreate a hardcoverCombine the elementsWhat you will needAnd there you have it! A beautiful work of art that will take pride of place on your bookshelf - and you made it all by yourself. Congratulations!If you have any questions about making a book or using Reedsy’s formatting tool, drop us a comment in the box below.

Clients Want Longer Articles †Heres How to Write Them Quickly

Clients Want Longer Articles - Heres How to Write Them Quickly When I first started writing blogs for my clients, everyone thought shorter was better. Then a few years ago, things changed. In  their analysis  of one million Google search results in September 2016, SEO top resource Backlinko discovered that longer, more comprehensive content significantly outperformed shallow content. â€Å"Writing comprehensive, in-depth content can help you rank higher in Google,† they concluded. Some of my clients got wise to this fact, and started asking me to make their typical 500-word posts a little longer. I also landed a couple of new clients who wanted posts that were 1,500 –2,000 words or even 3,000+. (I found these companies wanting regular blog posts on  ProBlogger  and  Freelance Writing Jobs.) The good news is that a freelance writer can earn much more with these longer articles, as clients are willing to pay more. The bad news is, if it takes you too long to write them, you won’t increase your earning power. So how do you push these things out quickly without sacrificing quality? 5 Tips to Write Longer Articles, Faster First, realize that you can’t just add more fluff and make it work. You have to add some real meat to these articles, and that usually means research. It’s the research that can get you into trouble, as it tends to take longer than the actual writing. Try the following five tips to help you get the article done in a profitable time. 1.  Ã‚     Drill down on what the client wants.  If the client asks for 10 ways to do X, realize that the bulk of your article needs to be about those 10 ways. Don’t make the mistake of spending too long on your intro or on any explanations. Zero in on exactly what the client needs, and don’t waste time on any extraneous information. 2.  Ã‚     Save the intro for last.  This tip really helps me. I don’t write the intro until the article is done. That way, I get right to the information the client really wants, and I don’t waste time on an intro that is usually expendable anyway. 3.  Ã‚     Outline before you start.  I’m not talking about an extensive outline here. Usually I scroll to about mid-page and create a down-and-dirty outline, something like, â€Å"Intro, What Is X?, 10 Ways (listing each solution), and Conclusion.† Do some preliminary skimming research to find support for the meat of your article, and list those in the outline before you start writing. It will help you move faster. 4.  Ã‚     Break it into three.  Let’s say the blog post isn’t a list, but a post about a certain topic, like Alzheimer’s disease in women. Decide the main point of the article- how the disease acts differently in women than in men, for example. Then break the article into three parts: a) what is Alzheimer’s?, b) 3-5 ways it differs in women, c) and future research. Add an intro and conclusion and you’re good to go. The rule of three most always works to keep you efficient in your research. 5.  Ã‚     Give yourself limited time.  It’s amazing how this works- if you give yourself three hours to write a 2,500-word article, it will take you three hours. So challenge yourself. Give yourself two hours, or ninety minutes, and see if you can do it. In general, the more time you allow, the more time it takes. A challenging deadline helps you focus and work faster. Using these five tips, you can increase your efficiency and productivity with longer blog posts or articles, and become invaluable to your clients, which is great for your bottom line. Sources Brian Dean, â€Å"We Analyzed 1 Million Google Search Results. Here’s What We Learned About SEO,† Backlinko, September 2, 2016,  https://backlinko.com/search-engine-ranking.

Monday, October 21, 2019

Vicarious Learning Essays

Vicarious Learning Essays Vicarious Learning Essay Vicarious Learning Essay The Four Types of Vicarious Learning There are four separate types of vicarious learning. These are worth knowing, because they enable you can expect learners to change their behaviour as a result of observing someone else experience the principles described throughout this chapter. These four types of vicarious learning are summarized in Table 12. The Modeling Effect occurs when a person almost directly duplicates a behavior he has seen someone else perform and which the observer has not previously suppressed. The observer displays new behaviors that prior to the modeling had a zero probability of occurring. For example, my son bats the way he does because Barry Larkin is successful with that batting stance. The Eliciting Effect occurs when the observer performs a behavior to the models, but still somewhat different. For example, if I hear that a famous celebrity has donated $50,000 to charity, I would be demonstrating the Eliciting Effect if this generosity prompted me to volunteer to umpire Little League basebal games. The Disinhibitory Effect occurs when a person who has previously refrained from a behavior goes ahead and performs that behavior after seeing a model perform the behavior without receiving any negative consequences. For example, if I already knew how to speed in my automobile but refrained from doing so out of fear of a speeding ticket, I could demonstrate the Disinhibitory Effect by driving more quickly after several cars passed me on the expressway with no apparent negative consequences. The Inhibitory Effect occurs when a person refrains from a behavior after seeing a model punished for engaging in that behavior. For example, I once stopped asking questions in a high school class after I saw several students receive assignments to write reports on topics about which they asked questions. As Table 12. 1 shows, any of these four types of vicarious learning can lead to the development of either desirable or undesirable behaviors. TABLE 12. 1 Descriptions and Examples of Specific Types of Vicarious (Observational) Learning. Description Positive Example Negative Example Modeling Effect (A person directly imitated - models- the behavior of another person. )A person almost directly duplicates a behavior he has seen someon else perform and which the observer has not previously suppressed. The teacher uses an effective thinking strategy to solve a word problem, and the student employs that same strategy when faced with a similar problem in the future. The teacher responds sarcastically to a student question. Students who witness this sarcasm later use the same strategy in responding to their peers. Eliciting Effect (A behavior is elicited - drawn forth - rather than duplicated. )A person performs a behavior to the models, but still somewhat different. The teacher uses an effective thinking strategy to solve a word problem. When the student is faced with a similar problem in the future, he tries a different strategy which is similar (but not identical) to the one used by the teacher and which the student already knew how to employ. The teacher responds sarcastically to a student question. A student who witnesses this sarcasm later punches a friend who annoys him. Disinhibitory Effect (The person gets rid of an inhibition - hesitation - to do something. ) A person who has previously refrained from a behavior goes ahead and per-forms that behavior after seeing a model do so without receiving any negative consequences. A student is afraid to give a speech to the class because she thinks her classmates will make fun of her. A friend gives a speech, and no one makes fun of the friend. The student is now more willing to give her own speech. A student refrains from chewing gum in class, because she knows this behavior will be punished. A classmate in the front row chews gum, and the substitute teacher does nothing about it. The first student also begins chewing gum. Inhibitory Effect (The person is inhibited - stopped - from doing the behavior. )A person refrains from a behavior after seeing a model punished for engaging in that behavior. A child stops cheating on tests when he sees a movie in which a child is punished for cheating on tests. A child stops volunteering information in class because he thinks the teacher reacts harshly to other children who volunteer information. Models that people imitate take a wide variety of forms. A student may imitate another student, a teacher, a parent, a sports celebrity, a movie star, a cartoon character, a fictional character in a novel, a person demonstrating a skill in an educational film - anyone performing a behavior that can be observed (even in the observers imagination) can qualify as a model. It is also important to note that the behavior to be imitated takes shape within the mind of the observer. This means that if the observer thinks the model has been reinforced for performing a behavior, then the observer is likely to imitate that behavior - even if the model did not really perform that behavior or even if the model himself perceived the consequences to be unpleasant rather than pleasant. It is even possible to have people serve as models for themselves. For example, a teacher could view a videotape of her own performance in the classroom. If her performance contained errors, feedback from a knowledgeable colleague could enable her to visualize how she would do a better job next time. Athletes often use tapes of themselves during good times to teach themselves ways to improve during a slump in their performance. Box 12. 1 Accidental Modeling Kirk uses very offensive language in talking back to Mr. Winters. Mr. Winters realizes that Kirk is just trying to get his attention, and so he calmly ignores Kirk and attempts to go on with the class. Soon, other students start using offensive language. Ida is the first student of the year to fail to bring in her math assignment. Mrs. Peters knows from previous experience that keeping her for a detention will not be aversive to Ida but that a call to Idas mother will probably stop the problem for the rest of the year. However, several of the other students think that Ida has gotten by without doing her work, and so they slack off on their own work. Mary makes a slightly rude remark to Mr. King. Mr. King knows that Mary is testing him, and so he comes down on her with a very severe rebuke in front of the entire class. In addition, he talks to Mary alone after class, and urges her to stop playing games and get on with her job of learning. Mary appreciates Mr. Kings interest and decides to bear down and do good work in the course. However, several of the students in the class who dont know Mary or Mr. King very well decide to be as quiet as possible in the class. Whenever Mr. King raises a question, they look down so that he wont call on them and ridicule them. In the first two examples, the observers inaccurately concluded that Kirk and Ida were receiving reinforcement for their undesirable behaviors. Even though this perception was inaccurate, these observers still experienced vicarious reinforcement, and their behaviors were strengthened. In the third example, Mr. King has taken successful steps to minimize negative side effects in Mary; but the negative side effects have had an impact on other students. By anticipating such accidental modeling, we can greatly reduce inappropriate learning.

How does the setting in J.D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher and the Rye influence the theme Essay Example

How does the setting in J.D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher and the Rye influence the theme Essay Example How does the setting in J.D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher and the Rye influence the theme Paper How does the setting in J.D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher and the Rye influence the theme Paper Essay Topic: The Catcher in the Rye Name: Lecturer: Course: Date: Relationship between the setting and themes The themes of this story include loneliness, deception, alienation, phoniness, relationships and intimacy. There is a close relationship between the setting and the themes. The themes have been developed from the setting of the story. The persona of this story is called Holden Caulfield. As he narrates this story, he is recovering in a metal clinic. The period set for this story is near Christmas. Holden is a lonely boy because he expresses the way he dislikes his roommate and neighbor. This shows that he does not have many friends in school. The only friend he has is a girl called Jane whom he dates. He is sad because he has been expelled and will leave her behind. He says that this is the fourth school he has failed out. This means that he is a loner who does not even seek academic help, he had rather fail. Salinger (69), his sister tells him, â€Å"You don’t like anything that’s happening†¦.. You don’t like any schools. You don’t like a million th ings. You don’t†. This statement shows withdrawal from the society, hence loneliness. Holden is expelled from school and goes back to New York. He is not concerned about his future. Even when his teachers try to counsel him, he expresses lack of interest. This is an evidence of deception. Phoniness and deception are related because deception is an example of phoniness. He is deceiving himself that nothing is wrong with his life. He even refuses to go home because he does not want to confess the truth to his parents. In the hotel, he lies about his age to the ladies he flirted with. This shows that his lifestyle is accompanied by a lot of lying. Ironically, he criticizes people about deception. He says that adults are full of phoniness moreover; they do not want to accept it. This shows that he does not accept he is also a victim of the same vice. Salinger (1), he says that, â€Å"If you really want to hear about it, the first thing you’ll probably want is where I was born, and what my lousy childhood was like†¦.† This statement clearly shows that Ho lden grew up in an environment, which was unpleasant and full of phoniness. Throughout the story, Holden is viewed to be excluded from the normal living. He is alienated from the society. He alienates himself as a way of protecting himself from other people. He does this because he dislikes socializing with other people. He feels that it is confusing and overwhelming. Therefore, he opts to live in a world of his own, which ends up being harmful. He is unable to address himself to anyone and is unable to understand and solve his problems. As a result, he considers himself normal whereas he is not. Due to this urge of alienating himself, he is seen to go out with Sally but sends her away because he feels he wants to be alone. This could be the main reason why he eventually ends up in a mental clinic. Even as Holden is seen to be lonely and alienated, he seems to love women. He pays Maurice to provide for him a prostitute. When he went to Pencey School, he dated Jane and still tried to contact him afterwards. He feels uneasy when she goes out with anyone else. He refuses to go home and spends time in a hotel with women who are even older. This setting brings the theme of relationship and intimacy. Salinger (76) he says that â€Å"You don’t always have to get too sexy to get to know a girl.† Introduction of intimacy at such an early age shows how immoral the society has become. According to the story, Holden was in a boarding school, which was away from his home town. This is a gesture of rejection from his parents. It seems unfair because the sister goes to a nearby school and lives at home. As for him, he was sent to a boarding school far away from home. The school was in Pennsylvania, whereas he lived in Manhattan, New York. Lack of concern from parents could be the reason of his alienation and lack of interest in education. His indulgence to intimacy at an early age shows lack of guidance from parents or guardians. In chapter nine, he confesses that, â€Å"Sex is something I just don’t understand. I swear to God I don’t.† This confession is an indication of negligence from parents. They should have taught him about such life’s issues. We can conclude that Holden ended up in a mental clinic as a result of his parents’ incompetence in raising him well. Works cited Salinger, Jerome. D. The catcher in the rye. New York, NY: Penguin books. 2010. Print

Sunday, October 20, 2019

John Grisham - His Most Recent Releases

John Grisham - His Most Recent Releases Although  John Grisham gained popularity through legal thrillers, he has successfully branched out these past few  years. For a more up-to-date taste of his work, here is a short list of John Grishams most recent releases.   Gray Mountain Published on October 21, 2014, Gray Mountain  is about a Manhattan lawyer who spends a year in Appalachia after losing her job during the 2008 financial crisis. In the process, she learns a lot about small town culture. Eventually, she enters the courtroom for the first time in her legal career and has a  run in  with big coal that becomes dangerous. The Whistler Grishams most recent book, The Whistler was published on October 25, 2016. While judges are expected to be models of intelligence, honor, and impartiality, The Whistler tells the story of a corrupt judge who bends the law. With a plot that involves the mafia, whistleblowers, hidden identities, and danger, this book has all the ingredients to make a page-turning thriller.   Camino Island The prolific John Grisham will publish his 30th book in 2017, titled Camino Island. The story revolves around a set of handwritten F. Scott Fitzgerald manuscripts that get stolen and sold into the black market. The FBI, a secret agency, and a young writer all get involved in the investigation of these missing documents.   Fans will be excited to hear that Camino Island will be released on June 6, 2017. Dont want to wait? Check out this complete list of Grisham books  and see if you missed one of his earlier novels.

Thermosetting Plastic Definition (Thermoset)

Thermosetting Plastic Definition (Thermoset) A thermosetting plastic is a polymer that irreversibly becomes rigid when heated. Such a material is also known as a thermoset or thermosetting polymer. Initially, the polymer is a liquid or soft solid. Heat provides energy for chemical reactions that increase the cross-linking between polymer chains, curing the plastic. The rate of curing may be increasing in many cases by increasing pressure or by adding a catalyst. Examples Many common plastics are thermosets. They include: Vulcanized rubberFiberglass (a fiber-reinforced polymer composite)Polyester resinPolyurethaneMelamineBakeliteSilicone resinEpoxy resin Sources Ellis, B. (ed.) (1993). Chemistry and Technology of Epoxy Resins. Springer Netherlands. ISBN 978-94-010-5302-0IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book) (1997). Thermosetting Polymer. doi:10.1351/goldbook.TT07168

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Endangered languages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Endangered languages - Essay Example There are numerous factors that researchers believe to playing a leading role towards the extinction of some languages. One of such factors is the aspect of parents pushing their children to learn languages that they believe are prestigious and â€Å"superior† to others, thus completely ignoring their local languages. It is a common trend especially in the developing countries whereby many people consider their local languages as inferior, thus get assimilated by hegemonies languages such as English. A significant number of people in the third world countries like Africa, particularly Kenya and Nigeria are straying away from their original traditions and native languages. In such countries, a large number of the young generation has shifted to different languages especially English. Some parents have decided not to teach their mother-tongue languages and instead teach them a second language because of many reasons related to social class and economic factors. The most unfortunate thing is that majority of them think that children can only learn to speak one language well, hence decide to dump their native languages (Dugan 10). They also go ahead and take their children to international schools that use the most dominant foreign languages. Natural and man-made disasters are also key factors that are leading to the extinction of some languages. Such disasters include war, famine, diseases, earthquakes, acts of genocide, and tsunami just to mention a few. For instance, the Rwandan Genocide almost wiped out the Tutsi community while Adolf Hitler’s regime almost eradicated the Jewish community. During the genocide, more than 6 million Jews were killed, which is a very big percentage considering the fact that this is not a large community. Migration outside the original territory is also a major attribute of extinction of languages. Sociolinguists argue that some languages

The main cause of collapsing of the Bretton woods system Essay

The main cause of collapsing of the Bretton woods system - Essay Example re of the system was a promise each country made to all that their monetary policies would keep the currency of the country close to a fixed value (within 1%) to gold. The IMF would have the authority to close temporary payment imbalances between countries and would monitor the fiscal activities of other nations. While the system worked well for several years, it collapsed in 1971 once the United States pulled out from the gold standard (Bird, 1994). The simplest cause of failure in economic terms is that the system was useful for the time it was created but it was far too optimistic of the creators of the systems that all other things would remain the same. Without a doubt, economic realties change for us on a daily basis even though the majority of economic activity can be explained by the process of supply and demand. The creators of the system thought that the system would be large enough to control and contain market forces and economic systems but they learnt quickly that while market forces take the upper hand to established systems. While the final cause of failure was the American pullout from the system, the foundations were being weakened long before the event. The first change was the monetary interdependence which countries faced with respect to each other and the convertibility of the Japanese Yean and the Western European countries. This made it possible for banks and monetary organizations to take part in large financial transactions further adding to the financial interdependence of various countries (Cooper & Sneddon, 2001). Banks are able to make huge transfers of capital from one country to another for investment and lending purposes but that money can also be used for currency speculation. In the Bretton Woods system, exchange rates were more or less fixed and countries were hesitant in revaluing their currencies (Bird, 1994). Speculators could therefore convert large sums of money from a soft to a hard currency hoping to gain value when the

Friday, October 18, 2019

Review 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Review 4 - Essay Example The warehouses can be an essential when it comes to improving the customer service if done properly. The challenges that, however, have an association with warehouse design, its techniques in building and technology, are challenging (Grakin, 2010). There are fixed costs in everything involved in the construction of conveyors to racks, directed picking systems to forklifts and other systems in a warehouse. Employee training is also a challenge and challenges concerning productivity make warehouse management a very difficult and expensive business. A warehouse has its advantages and disadvantages. It can either speed up your business or slow it down altogether. It is, therefore, necessary to search for more flexible designs for warehouse or look for other solutions to goods storage. The primary drivers of the logistics network design are usually an effort for the company to reduce costs and also to improve the services the manufacturers offer to the customers or distributor. The right design for the networks optimizes distribution operations, transportation, and inventory investment to have a balance between service cost and the service they offer. The design of a perfect warehouse is a very complicated affair that most people always get wrong. The major issue is managing the myriad details, which usually has the complication of the fact that the designs are never the same for any warehouses regardless of them being of the same organization. The process is exhausting, but can have a two simple part division of location and design. The selection process should be done by realizing that a warehouse location has the primary function of getting a company/organization close to its customers. The companies should also decide whether a stand-alone warehouse or complem enting an existing network with a new warehouse or replacing another warehouse was necessary (Harrington, 2007). Companies should, therefore, base the location decisions

Love medicine novel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Love medicine novel - Essay Example Along with myriad themes interplaying subtly within the plot of the novel, lays the theme of existential crisis which is one of the potent motifs of the texts evolved during the post-modern periods. The identity crisis and the quest of the self or the ‘cogito ergo sum’ concept which means I think and therefore I exists develops as a very important thematic aspect of the novel, â€Å"Love Medicine† as the story of the novel proceeds. THESIS STATEMENT The characters of the story are the symbols manifesting multiple themes of the novel. The character of Marie Kashpaw builds the theme of existential crisis or the quest for identity within the text. This essay intends to brew up and discuss the theme of identity crisis inherent within the novel, â€Å"Love Medicine† through an analytical and exploratory analysis of its character Marie Kashpaw. MARIE: A STUDY OF THE CHARACTER FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EXISTENTIALISM The Chippewa tribe of North Dakota originally and as showed in the novel too are a patriarchal tribe. However, the presence of the two feminine characters Marie and Lulu only does not support that the text is feministic in nature. The novel, â€Å"Love Medicine† also projects the character of two matriarchs who through their immense strength and indelible courage are able to unite the family members together. Marie Kashpaw is married to the chairman of the tribe. Nevertheless, her esteemed position in her small community does not end up by being only the ornamental head matriarch of the community. At the outset of the novel itself, as pointed out by Louise Erdrich, one can find Marie proudly asserting, â€Å"He is what he is because I made him† (154). This is a statement Marie passes indicating her husband who is the chief of the tribal council and her statement is admitted by almost everyone surrounding her including her children. From the character analysis of Marie Kashpaw, her prideful nature and her immense capa city to unite not only the members of her family but also the members of her community finds a profound expression. The sense of identity or to be precise self-created identity is found so stark in Marie that when her parents come to drop off June she comments, â€Å"the two drunk ones†. She desperately passes comment about her mother, â€Å"the old drunk woman who I didn’t claim as my mother anymore† (85). Marie is aware of her identity which she has made for herself and which she places above all the other entities in her life. Her quest for creating her own identity was successful and was above the limitations of a Lazzare. Marie is strong willed and a very much revered matriarch in her community. Marie comments when she goes to meet dieing num â€Å"by now I was a solid class. Nector was tribal chairman. My children were well behaved, and they were educated too" (148). She was very happy and confident to meet an old acquaintance because she was aware of the fact that she had been the strong pivot of her family which enabled them to gain prosperity and respect in the society. She is happy to make Nector worthy of his position and train her children with good behavior and education as well. The socio-political