Contemporary Challenges Facing Sufis In Egypt Dissertation

Contemporary Challenges Facing Sufis In Egypt - Dissertation Example This agrees with historical development and formations of Sufis. It noted the prophet was a leader who ruled at Madinah. This is also informed by the fact that Sufis are organized into orders and orders are further organized into Sufism Council whose chairperson is approved by the President. The Sunni Institute in Egypt is also considered independent and influential on Islamic matters.Sufism is a virtuous movement that involves mysticism and spirituality in Islam. It involves Muslims holding on the foundation and teachings of the Prophet. This is anchored by teachings of the Quran and Sunni doctrine. However, this does not mean Sufism is confined to Sunnis but it involves the attempt to move people closer to God. It can also be concluded that criticism and political involvement are inevitable to the Sufis in Egypt. This can be visible through Sufism direct involvement in politics and organizational structures. Although this can be argued as a source of weakness for Sufis it is, in fa ct, the greatest point of strength. The group can use its position in politics to influence the state towards basic Islamic foundations through constitutional means. The group can also, use the position to reach out to rival religious groups and secular groups by engaging them from a political platform, to social, and economic by making them understand Sufism perspective. This can be supported by the truth that Sufism is not for the Sunni’s in reality but both for Muslims and non-Muslims who consider its goal, getting closer to God.

Is Clausewitz's unfinished work On War still worth reading and Essay

Is Clausewitz's unfinished work On War still worth reading and studying in the 21st century - Essay Example Military generals and war diplomats of modern period continue to depend on Clausewitz for better war strategies. This paper takes a brief look at his famous book, On War, translated by J.J.Graham. Clausewitz, could not complete his book during his lifetime. Whatever is left behind by him in the form of On War has been sufficient for the future war scholars and military officers to understand war as a subject of study. The fact that the book was written before the modern war- weapons were invented, and that the book is interesting even in this nuclear age itself speak volumes about the greatness of the work. The book is not altogether without criticism or negative qualities, but its acceptance as a source for the war specialists is stronger than its negative aspects. It is being taught in the military schools and many debates and critical analyses based on the book have continued to take place. On War is divided into eight sections, with each section having several chapters. A wide ranging topics related to war are defined and discussed by the writer with apt examples from history. It is very difficult to give here the exact content of the book in the condensed form due to the enormity of the various aspects of war dealt by Clausewitz. At the same time, any discussion of a topic like war demands that all its aspects are taken into consideration. Hence, the attempt here is to embrace as many facts given by the author as possible. Book I, chapter 1, gives clear a definition of war. According to Clausewitz, â€Å" war is nothing but a duel on an extensive scale†(Clausewitz, 1873). He says that it is an act of violence. This is a clear confession. He stresses that in war there is no sprit of benevolence or any kind of moderation . After rejecting such absurd views, he goes on to highlight that, even in a civilized society, passionate hatred of each other is the basic instinct for waging war. It is not an

A Competency Based, Critical Review of Leadership and Management in My Essay

A Competency Based, Critical Review of Leadership and Management in My Work Organisation - Essay Example The report highlights the key learning points in these two management perspectives and evaluates their role and impact on project outcomes. Specify what you have learnt from the experience in your chosen management competences A key aspect driving the success of any enterprise is its leadership capabilities and competencies of the workforce that contribute to the realization of defined goals and objectives (Deresky, 2006). During the course of our leading and management program, I learnt the significance of individual leadership and motivation in accomplishing task goals and objectives. The theoretical aspects of our course familiarized me to the conceptual frameworks and evidences that drive individual performance in teams and factors that contribute to the efficiency of workforce. While this provided a foundation for our learning process, it was the live project work and assignment that helped me realize my individual strengths and shortcomings in my role as team-player. I came up with the idea of launching innovative training videos and online application tools through OIT (Oxford Information Training). The team was responsible for conceptualizing and framing the company’s product design, framing its marketing and financial strategies to give a distinct shape and direction to OIT’s goals and objectives. The team began with allocating roles and responsibilities to achieve this. The whole exercise provided us with new learning experience and it helped us in recognizing our potentials and limitations in our role as team players and leadership capabilities. The project highlighted my abilities in leading and managing my team members through various tasks and responsibilities. The 8 week exercise began with the conceptualization of the project idea and the key aspects that needed to be fulfilled in order to present that idea as viable and feasible to other teams. The idea to promote our company and its services on facebook was mine and the fact that others accepted it and appreciated it was a big source of motivation for me. Theoretical evidences have claimed that a true leader is one who can inspire and motivate others to adopt a single path that leads to goal fulfilment (Maxwell, 2008). I have managed to guide my team members through role allocation and delegation of tasks, besides helping them through task execution and collaborating potential issues that might have ruined the success prospects. Motivation is yet another aspect driving the performance of teams and their willingness to give their best in order to achieve the defined goals and targets (Adair, 2007). Motivation seemed lacking in some cases in our team since few members were unwilling to take certain roles and responsibilities. However, this was easily overcome with more team discussions that helped in motivating the team members to assume their roles and responsibilities. Moreover, motivation in teams, as I strongly experienced during this project contributed to creative ideas and innovative thoughts that can make the difference between success and failure of projects. The product concept involved my idea of producing a video for recruiting staff in organizations. A key aspect to be incorporated in this video was a mock interview (my idea) that will focus on dealing with inter-cultural workforce needs and behavioural forms during interviews. DeCarlo (2010) in his works on leadership and motivation identified four principles using motivation to guide innovative practices at workplace – initiating change, developing people’s desire to make a difference, creating ownership for results, and monitoring results for continued effectiveness. Motivation thus can contribute to combined efficiency at workplace and generate innovative ideas for effective results

Sources for Early Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sources for Early Islam - Essay Example various historical books like the God’s Caliph have history about Islam community as well as their Islamic faith, the state of our Allah in the society and our roles as individuals in the Islam faith. The Holly book of Quran has all the obligations of each Muslim in their society. The holy book of Quran has full account of the life history of Mohamed and his role in shaping the faith of Muslims. Furthermore, parents also do much in teaching their children about the Islamic faith. Moreover, we can use the scriptures, the hadiths and the biographies as historical sources of information in various ways. For instance by constant reading of the scripture, we can get the historical information about the important people in the Muslim community and their roles in our society that they played. For instance by reading the scriptures about Mohamed we can typically deduce the various roles he played in shaping the faith of Muslims. In that instance we use the scripture to show us whatever Mohamed and other prophets did in the times before we were born. Similarly, the hadiths are also a collection of all the reports about the actions, words and teachings of the prophet Mohamed. That can be used as a source of history on the things and deeds about the great prophet. These are history about the whereabouts and deeds of the prophet after his death in the Islamic society. Most of our clerics and jurist vindicate the hadiths. However, varied scholars classify these hadiths very dissimilarly. These hadiths help people in proper understanding of the Quran in great depth. Therefore we use the hadiths as historical source in determining what the Prophet Mohamed did in the historical past. Biographies are also significant part of the Muslim history. These are accounts of prominent individuals in the history of the Islam faith,. They account the life events of these people in the society. Through reading of these biographies we come to understand how history unveils by re visiting

Human Rescource Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Rescource Planning - Essay Example However, Dale Lodge (case organization) is facing challenges regarding deploying the leadership development program for cross functional members while the company is expanding its operation to achieve more business success. In such context, the researcher has been hired as external HR consultant to advise senior management of the company on how to embed leadership development program within organization, to support anticipated growth strategy. In the next section, the study will cover three issues, 1- process for embedding leadership development program for members of management team, 2- proposal of reward strategy that would retain and develop talents at all level and 3- evaluation and measurement of critical success factors associated with the proposal. The company will face two types of problem while deploying leadership development program, problem 1- lack of cross functional capabilities among members of management team and it will create problem for them to perform current and future leadership roles and problem 2- lack of experience in handling change dynamics while deploying leadership program. For example; Oracle Corporation (2012) found that more than 70% of employees in different companies across the globe lack the leadership potential to perform during job responsibility shifting. In the case context, senior management of the company has decided to expand business operation in terms of opening full scale conference and leisure facilities which can offer year long services. In order to implement mentioned growth strategy, company needs to widen job roles of existing members in management team in order to develop leadership capabilities among them. Such cross functional role shift would require development of interpersonal skills instead of developing integrating technical expertise of experienced members in management team. Caligiuri (2006) and McCall and Hollenbeck (2002) also pointed out

Greek Civil War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Greek Civil War - Research Paper Example The Communist Party found this opportunity to grab power by creating National Liberation Front, called the EAM. The other group opposing the communist viewpoint belonged to the EDES. The EDES got support from the Britain as Britain was against the expansion of communism. Winston Churchill, the then Prime-Minister of Britain met with Joseph Stalin of Germany in 1944. In a political and diplomatic bargain it was decided between both the premiers that Germany would get a stronghold in Romania if Germany supported the United Kingdom’s hold in Greece. The Germans had been there in Greece since the World War II, started to recede back from Greece without providing any concrete assistance to communists to remain in power although communists were quite powerful politically and militarily at that time. It started a battle between the British forces and the EAM on December 2, 1944 resulting in a win for the nationalists and reduction of the communist stronghold on Greece (Leonard par. 1 ). The first stage of civil war started some months before the Germany forces were evacuating Greece in October 1944. Parties to the Civil War in Greece were two leading guerrilla forces, the communist-supported EAM-ELAS (National Liberation Front–National Popular Liberation Army) and the EDES (Greek Democratic National Army).The EAM-ELAS overpowered all opposing guerrilla and political enemies except the EDES in early 1944 and established its rule in the Greek mountains, which meant end of the rule of the Greek King and his government in exile. With the withdrawal of troops by Germany, the British government supported the communists and the royal Greek guerrillas to make a coalition government in Athens but was unable to dissolve the guerrilla forces, which resulted in a bitter civil war in Athens on December 3 (Encyclopedia Britannica, â€Å"Greek Civil War,† par. 2). One of the reasons of the war was that the communists were against the British proposal of disarming the ELAS, therefore, declared a general strike in Athens on December, 1944. It led to a conflict between the police and the ELAS. A ceasefire was announced when Winston Churchill came to Athens resulting in withdrawal of ELAS guerrillas from Athens. An accord was made on February 12, 1945 according to which ELAS was supposed to surrender its weapons in fourteen days (ThinkQuest par. 2). This fierce battle brought the EAM-ELAM in a winning position everywhere in Greece except Athens and Thessaloniki, where the British military controlled the deteriorating situation with great difficulty (Encyclopedia Britannica, â€Å"Greek Civil War,† par. 2). In February 1945, the communists announced the disseverment of their forces in a conference but did not participate in the general election in Greece in March 1946 resulting in a royalist majority (Encyclopedia Britannica, â€Å"Greek Civil War,† par. 3). The March 1946 elections were biased towards EDES to which the communists reacted by forming the Democratic Party of Greece (DA), and issued a statement that they would continue fighting until democratic forces prevail upon and rule Greece. Initially, Communists were leading ahead because of support from the neighboring Yugoslavia and communists’ strong presence in the Northern Greece (Leonard par. 2). Other important political happening included plebiscite in September 1946 establishing the rule of the Greek King once again. Communists who had gone hidden earlier once again waged

Unknown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Unknown - Essay Example A villain is the epitome of insanity and cruelty. And there is none crueler or more insane, than the Joker. A villain who has truly made an impact, the Joker has caused a lot of damage in the most inventive ways possible in the movie, game and comic book series. He managed to kill Robin (Jason Todd), he was the one who paralyzed Barbara Gordon and in the animated series we saw how the Joker literally destroys Tim Drake (Levitikuz). In the movies, he is shown to be the one who killed Batman’s parents, he is the one who kills Talia in Arkham City and it is the Joker who turns Gotham’s most loved citizen, Harvey Dent, into the villain we know as Two Face. He has had a major impact in the Batman Universe, more so than any other villain. He is cruel in his ways and his relentless inflictions have caused a lot of damage (Levitikuz). Behind all other villains, lies the motive of power or world domination. So be it Lex Luthor or Thanos, their motivation is known. But when it comes to the Joker, his motivation and his plan of action is simply not known. He could conduct a twisted social experiment like that in the Dark Knight Movie involving bombs on two ships, to either send a message or just for the heck of it. This is truly dangerous because one cannot guess what it is that the Joker wanted to accomplish with his madness. His volatile nature is what makes him so dangerously villainous (Holder). The joker is everything insane, immoral and wrong. He plays dirty and he has no rules or laws. Other villains like Doom have self-imposed rules which they follow or have lines which even they won’t cross. But the Joker has no such limit. There is no rule he will not break, no line that he will not cross and no limit he will not go to. He fights till the very end and he fights with no holds barred. In the movie, we see him making a getaway in the school bus right when the school bells ring, he makes the victims look like a